Synchronous Tsav vs Induction Tsav
Ob lub induction motors thiab synchronous motors yog AC motors siv los hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau txhua yam zog.
Ntau txog Induction Motors
Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, thawj induction motors tau tsim los ntawm Nikola Tesla (hauv 1883) thiab Galileo Ferraris (hauv 1885), ntawm nws tus kheej. Vim tias nws txoj kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab siv tau yooj yim thiab kev tsim kho qis thiab cov nqi kho mob, induction motors yog qhov kev xaiv ntau dua lwm cov AC motors, rau cov cuab yeej hnyav thiab tshuab.
Kev tsim kho thiab kev sib dhos ntawm lub tshuab induction yog qhov yooj yim. Ob lub ntsiab ntawm lub induction lub cev muaj zog yog lub stator, thiab lub rotor. Stator nyob rau hauv lub induction lub cev muaj zog yog ib tug series ntawm concentric sib nqus ncej (feem ntau electromagnets), thiab lub rotor yog ib tug series ntawm kaw windings, los yog txhuas rods teem nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo li ib tug squirrel tawb, li no lub npe squirrel tawb rotor. Cov ncej xa cov torque uas tsim los ntawm lub axis ntawm lub rotor. Lub rotor yog muab tso rau hauv lub cylindrical kab noj hniav ntawm lub stator, tab sis tsis muaj hluav taws xob txuas nrog ib qho kev sib txuas sab nraud. Tsis muaj commutator lossis txhuam, lossis lwm yam kev sib txuas yog siv los muab tam sim no rau lub rotor.
Raws li txhua lub cev muaj zog, nws siv lub zog sib nqus los tig lub rotor. Cov kev sib txuas hauv stator coils yog teem rau hauv ib txoj kev uas cov ncej sab nraud yog tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov stator coils. Nyob rau theem pib, cov ncej hlau nplaum yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib ntus hloov pauv raws li ib puag ncig. Qhov no tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov flux hla cov windings hauv lub rotor thiab induces ib tug tam sim no. Qhov induced tam sim no generates ib magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub rotor windings, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm stator teb thiab induced teb tsav lub cev muaj zog.
Induction motors yog tsim los ua haujlwm hauv ob qho tib si thiab poly-theem tam sim no, tom qab rau cov tshuab hnyav uas xav tau lub zog loj. Qhov ceev ntawm lub induction motors tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev siv tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauv stator ncej lossis tswj cov zaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub plam, uas yog ib qho kev ntsuas los txiav txim siab lub cev muaj zog lub zog, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Lub luv luv-circuited rotor windings muaj me me tsis kam, uas ua rau ib tug loj tam sim no induced rau me me nyob rau hauv lub rotor; yog li ntawd, nws tsim lub zog loj.
Ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev thauj khoom, rau cov motors me me plam yog li 4-6% thiab 1.5-2% rau cov motors loj, yog li induction motors raug txiav txim siab kom muaj kev tswj ceev thiab suav tias yog cov motors tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub rotor yog qeeb dua qhov input zog qhov zaus.
Ntau txog Synchronous Motor
Synchronous lub cev muaj zog yog lwm yam loj ntawm AC lub cev muaj zog. Synchronous lub cev muaj zog yog tsim los ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib hloov ntawm tus ncej thiab qhov zaus ntawm AC qhov chaw tam sim no; Lub sij hawm ntawm kev sib hloov yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam ntawm AC cycles.
Muaj peb lub ntsiab ntawm synchronous motors; cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov motors, hysteresis motors thiab reluctance motors. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li ua los ntawm neodymium-boron-hlau, samarium-cob alt, lossis ferrite yog siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm lub rotor. Variable-speed drives, qhov twg lub stator yog nkag los ntawm ib tug sib txawv-frequency, sib txawv-voltage yog lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov ntawm mus tas li hlau nplaum motors. Cov no yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv uas xav tau ceev ceev thiab tswj txoj haujlwm.
Lub hysteresis lub cev muaj zog muaj cov khoom sib tw cylindrical rotor, uas yog nrum los ntawm lub siab coercivity sib nqus "nyuaj" cob alt hlau. Cov khoom siv no muaj lub voj hysteresis dav, uas yog, thaum nws yog magnetized nyob rau hauv ib tug muab kev taw qhia, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug loj rov qab magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia kom thim rov qab magnetization. Yog li ntawd, hysteresis lub cev muaj zog muaj lub kaum sab xis δ, uas yog ywj siab ntawm kev ceev; nws tsim tas li torque los ntawm startup mus rau synchronous ceev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nws tus kheej pib thiab tsis xav tau induction winding los pib nws.
Induction Tsav vs Synchronous Tsav
• Synchronous motors ua haujlwm ntawm synchronous ceev (RPM=120f / p) thaum induction motors ua haujlwm tsawg dua li synchronous ceev (RPM=120f / p - plam), thiab plam yuav luag xoom ntawm xoom load torque thiab plam. nce nrog lub load torque.
• Synchronous motors xav tau DC tam sim no los tsim cov teb hauv rotor windings; induction motors tsis tas yuav muab ib qho tam sim no rau lub rotor.
• Synchronous motors xav tau lub nplhaib thiab txhuam kom txuas lub rotor rau lub hwj chim. Induction motors tsis xav tau rings.
• Synchronous motors yuav tsum tau windings nyob rau hauv lub rotor, thaum induction motors feem ntau yog tsim los nrog conduction tuav nyob rau hauv lub rotor los yog siv luv luv circuited windings los ua ib tug "squirrel tawb."
