Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab thiab geometry ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov duab ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule, tsis suav nrog ib leeg khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom, whereas lub geometry ntawm ib tug molecule piav txog kev npaj ntawm ib leeg thiab daim ntawv cog lus khub electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm lub molecule.
Peb feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus - cov duab thiab geometry ntawm cov molecule - sib hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yog ob nqe lus sib txawv rau qee cov molecules peb paub.
Zoo ntawm Molecule yog dab tsi?
Cov duab ntawm lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule kwv yees siv cov nyiaj electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov duab ntawm lub molecule yog txiav txim tsis suav nrog ib leeg electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Cov duab ntawm cov molecule tuaj yeem kwv yees siv VSEPR qauv (valence plhaub electron khub repulsion qauv).
VSEPR qauv yog qhov kev xav uas txiav txim siab cov duab thiab cov duab ntawm cov molecule. Peb tuaj yeem siv tus qauv VSEPR no los tawm tswv yim kev npaj rau cov molecules uas muaj covalent bonds lossis kev sib koom ua ke. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev xav no yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov khub electron hauv lub plhaub valence ntawm atoms. Ntawm no, peb tuaj yeem pom cov khub electron nyob rau hauv ob hom xws li daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov khub ib leeg. Muaj peb hom repulsion tam sim no nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov electron khub; Cov khub niam txiv - ib leeg ib leeg repulsion, daim ntawv cog lus khub-pab khub repulsion, thiab ib leeg khub-ib leeg repulsion. Piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm beryllium chloride molecule tau kwv yees raws li hauv qab no:
Lub hauv paus atom yog Be.
Nws muaj 2 valence electrons.
Cl atom tuaj yeem faib ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau ib lub atom.
Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom=2 (los ntawm Be) + 1 × 2 (los ntawm cl atoms)=4
Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm electron khub nyob ib ncig ntawm Be atom=4 / 2=2
Ntau daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no=2
Ntau tus khub tam sim no=2 – 2=0
Yog li ntawd, lub geometry ntawm BeCl2 molecule yog linear.
Daim duab 01: BeH2 molecule, uas zoo ib yam li cov duab ntawm beryllium chloride molecule
Dab tsi yog Geometry ntawm Ib Tug Molecule?
Lub geometry ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm lub molecule, nrog rau ob leeg electron khub thiab daim ntawv cog lus electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom. Yog li ntawd, lo lus no txawv ntawm cov duab ntawm ib lub molecule vim hais tias cov duab ntawm ib tug molecule yog txiav txim siv tsuas yog daim ntawv cog lus electron khub, tsis suav nrog ib leeg electron khub.
Daim duab 02: Geometry ntawm Dej Molecule
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txiav txim qhov geometry ntawm ib lub molecule, xws li ntau yam spectroscopic txoj kev, diffraction txoj kev, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cov Duab thiab Geometry ntawm ib qho Molecule?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab thiab geometry ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov duab ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule tsis suav nrog ib leeg khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom whereas lub geometry ntawm ib tug molecule piav txog kev npaj ntawm ib leeg khub thiab daim ntawv cog lus. electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm lub molecule. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab geometry ntawm ib lub molecule yog siv sib hloov vim hais tias ob qho tib si cov qauv no feem ntau yog tib yam rau feem ntau cov molecules yog tias tsis muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm lub molecule.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab thiab geometry ntawm cov molecule.
Summary – Shape vs Geometry of a Molecule
Cov duab ntawm lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule kwv yees siv daim ntawv cog lus electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom thaum lub geometry ntawm ib lub molecule yog cov qauv ntawm cov molecule nrog rau ob leeg electron khub thiab daim ntawv cog lus electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus. atom. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab thiab geometry ntawm ib lub molecule. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus, cov duab thiab geometry ntawm ib lub molecule, yog siv sib hloov vim ob qho tib si cov qauv no feem ntau yog tib yam rau feem ntau cov molecules yog tias tsis muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm lub molecule.
