Inflectional morphology yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus kom haum rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv whereas lub derivational morphology yog kev kawm txog kev tsim cov lus tshiab uas txawv hauv pawg syntactic lossis hauv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lawv cov hauv paus. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm inflectional thiab derivational morphology.
A morpheme yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, lub ntsiab lus, morphological chav nyob hauv ib hom lus. Chav tsev no tsis tuaj yeem muab faib lossis txheeb xyuas ntxiv. Inflectional morphemes thiab derivational morphemes yog ob hom morphemes tseem ceeb. Yog li, inflectional thiab derivational morphology cuam tshuam txoj kev kawm ntawm ob hom morphemes, feem.
Dab tsi yog Inflectional Morphology?
Inflectional morphology yog kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem uas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus hauv qee pawg grammatical. Qhov no suav nrog cov txheej txheem xws li affixation thiab vowel hloov, uas tsim inflectional morphemes.
Ib qho kev ua tsis ncaj ncees yog ib qho lus ntxiv uas tau ntxiv rau ib lo lus los muab cov cuab yeej grammatical rau lo lus ntawd, xws li nws tus lej, lub siab xav, nruj, lossis muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho inflectional morphology tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv pawg grammatical ntawm ib lo lus. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib qho inflectional morphology rau ib qho lus qhia, lub npe, adjective, lossis ib qho adverb. Piv txwv li, ntxiv '-s' rau cov lus qhia ntau tshaj qhov qhia txog 'khiav' tuaj yeem ua rau qhov lus qhia no. Ib yam li ntawd, ntxiv '-ed' rau cov lus qhia ua las voos tsim lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm cov lus qhia (danced).
Qee yam piv txwv ntxiv yog raws li hauv qab no:
Cat à Cats
Qhia à Qhia
Ntawm à Ntsuag
Raws li pom los ntawm cov piv txwv saum toj no, inflectional morphemes feem ntau tsim ntau hom lus ntawm tib lo lus, tsis yog cov lus sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, inflection feem ntau tsis hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus raws li lawv tsuas yog ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau ib lo lus lossis hais txog qee yam ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, cov lus nyob rau hauv inflectional morphology tsis pom raws li cais nkag hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
Derivational Morphology yog dab tsi?
Derivational morphology yog kev kawm txog kev tsim cov lus tshiab uas txawv ntawm pawg lus lossis hauv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lawv cov hauv paus. Yog li, derivational morpheme yog ib qho affix peb ntxiv rau ib lo lus thiaj li tsim tau ib lo lus tshiab lossis ib hom lus tshiab. Ntxiv mus, ib qho derivational morpheme tuaj yeem hloov lub ntsiab lus lossis qeb grammatical ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li, Hloov lub ntsiab lus
Nplooj → Nplooj ntawv
Ntshiab → Impure
Hloov hauv qeb Grammatical
Help (verb) → Helper (noun)
Logic (noun) → Logical (adjective)
Raws li pom los ntawm cov piv txwv saum toj no, derivational morphemes hloov lub ntsiab lus lossis qeb ntawm cov lus qub, tsim cov lus tshiab. Cov lus no yog, yog li, pom nyob rau hauv cov lus nkag tshiab hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Inflectional thiab Derivational Morphology yog dab tsi?
Inflectional morphology yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus kom haum rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov kab lus grammatical whereas d erivational morphology yog kev kawm txog kev tsim cov lus tshiab uas txawv hauv pawg syntactic lossis hauv lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lawv cov hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm inflectional thiab derivational morphology. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv kev siv, qhov sib txawv ntawm inflectional thiab derivational morphology yog hais tias cov inflectional morphemes yog affixes uas tsuas yog ua hauj lwm raws li grammatical cim thiab qhia ib co grammatical cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib lo lus whereas derivational morphemes yog affixes uas muaj peev xwm los hloov lub ntsiab lus los yog grammatical qeb. ntawm lo lus.
Dhau li ntawm, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm yog tias thaum inflectional morphemes tsim cov ntawv tshiab ntawm tib lo lus, derivational morphemes tsim cov lus tshiab.
Summary – Inflectional vs Derivational Morphology
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm inflectional thiab derivational morphology yog qhov inflectional morphology cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm tib lo lus whereasthe derivational morphology cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov lus tshiab.
