Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Tus Nqi Ua Lag Luam vs Tus Nqi Sib Tw
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi lag luam thiab tus nqi sib npaug yog tus nqi lag luam yog tus nqi lag luam uas tus nqi zoo lossis kev pabcuam muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam whereas tus nqi sib npaug yog tus nqi uas qhov kev thov thiab muab khoom rau qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam sib npaug. Tus nqi lag luam thiab tus nqi sib npaug yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Ob nqe lus raug muab sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv lub sij hawm kom raug raws li npaj hauv kev tshawb fawb txog nyiaj txiag. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi lag luam thiab kev sib npaug kom meej.
Tus nqi lag luam yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi lag luam yog tus nqi lag luam uas qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam muaj nyob hauv khw. Kev lag luam tus nqi cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm kev thov, muaj cov khoom hloov pauv thiab kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes.
xav tau
Kev thov yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus nqi lag luam. Kev thov yog txhais raws li kev txaus siab thiab muaj peev xwm los yuav ib yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam. Thaum cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntau dua, cov neeg muag khoom pom qhov no yog lub sijhawm los ua kom tau nyiaj ntau dua. Yog li, nws yuav nce nqi.
E.g. Apple tau ntsib kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau lawv cov khoom; lawv raug muag saum tus nqi nruab nrab piv rau cov nqi sib tw xws li Samsung.
Muaj Kev Hloov
Thaum muaj ntau yam hloov pauv muaj nyob hauv khw, cov neeg muag khoom raug yuam kom txo tus nqi vim muaj kev sib tham tsawg dua. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj.
E.g. Xbox thiab PlayStation yog lub tsev video game console platforms qhia los ntawm Microsoft thiab Sony, feem.
Kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes
Kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes txheeb ze rau cov neeg sib tw kuj cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus nqi lag luam. Cov neeg muab khoom lag luam hauv monopoly (ib lub lag luam uas muaj ib tus neeg xa khoom) lossis oligopoly (ib lub lag luam uas muaj cov neeg xa khoom tsawg) yog qhov zoo dua los tswj cov nqi lag luam.
E.g. OPEC, lub oligopoly ntawm cov roj crude exporting lub teb chaws sib sau ua lag luam tus nqi.
Tus nqi sib npaug yog dab tsi?
Kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua lag luam yog lub xeev kev lag luam uas cov khoom lag luam hauv khw tau sib npaug rau qhov kev thov hauv khw. Yog li, tus nqi sib npaug yog tus nqi uas qhov kev thov thiab cov khoom siv rau qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam sib npaug.
E.g. Cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab yuav ib lub thawv mis nyuj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm $ 12- $ 16. Tus neeg muag khoom raug nqi $ 10 los tsim ib lub thawv mis thiab muag rau $ 14. Txij li tus nqi nyob rau hauv qhov kev cia siab, cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab yuav cov khoom, ua tus nqi sib npaug $ 14.
Kev hloov pauv hauv kev thov lossis khoom hloov pauv tus nqi sib npaug; Yog li, nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm yam cuam tshuam rau kev thov thiab khoom siv.
Yam cuam tshuam rau kev thov
- Inflation
- theem nyiaj tau los
- tus neeg siv khoom saj thiab nyiam
- Cov khoom sib tw
Txoj Kev cuam tshuam rau kev muab khoom
- Tus nqi tsim khoom
- Muaj peev txheej
- Technological advancements
Daim duab 01: Hloov pauv hauv kev thov lossis kev xa khoom ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi sib npaug
Yog tias tus nqi lag luam siab tshaj qhov sib npaug, muaj cov khoom siv ntau dhau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab cov khoom lag luam tshaj qhov xav tau. Qhov xwm txheej no yog hu ua 'surplus' lossis 'producer surplus.' Vim tias cov khoom muag tuav cov nqi siab, cov neeg muag khoom yuav txo tus nqi thiab muab cov nyiaj cheb lossis lwm yam kev xav tau los txhawb kev xav tau ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau qhov kev thov nce ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv txo qis kom txog thaum tus nqi lag luam sib npaug ntawm tus nqi sib npaug.
Yog tias tus nqi lag luam qis dua qhov sib npaug, ces muaj qhov xav tau ntau dhau thiab cov khoom siv tsawg. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no raug xa mus rau qhov tsis txaus 'los yog 'cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab.' Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab them tus nqi siab dua thiaj li yuav tau txais qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam luv luv. Kev mob siab los ntawm qhov kev thov nce ntxiv, cov neeg muag khoom yuav pib muab ntau dua. Thaum kawg, qhov nce siab ntawm tus nqi thiab cov khoom yuav ruaj khov ntawm kev ua lag luam sib npaug.
Daim duab 02: Cov neeg siv khoom seem thiab cov neeg tsim khoom seem ntawm kev ua lag luam sib npaug
Qhov txawv ntawm Tus Nqi Ua Lag Luam thiab Tus Nqi Sib Tw yog dab tsi?
Tus Nqi Lag Luam vs Tus Nqi Sib Tw |
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| Tus nqi lag luam yog tus nqi lag luam uas qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam muaj nyob hauv khw. | Tus nqi sib npaug yog tus nqi uas qhov kev thov thiab muab khoom rau qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam sib npaug. |
| Tus nqi lag luam yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam nyob ntawm txhua qhov kev lag luam. | Tus nqi sib npaug yog qhov tshwm sim uas ib txwm cuam tshuam los ntawm kev thov thiab khoom siv. |
| Nature | |
| Tus nqi sib npaug yog tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws uas cov khoom lag luam / kev pabcuam yuav tsum tau yuav thiab muag, tab sis tus nqi tiag tiag uas ua rau kev sib pauv yuav txawv vim yog lub zog sib tham ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom & muag. | Tus nqi lag luam yog tus nqi tiag tiag hauv khw; yog li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim to taub. |
Summary – Market Price vs Equilibrium Price
Qhov txawv ntawm tus nqi lag luam thiab tus nqi sib npaug yog nyob ntawm tus nqi lag luam uas qhov zoo lossis kev pabcuam muaj nyob hauv khw (tus nqi lag luam) thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov kev thov thiab kev pabcuam sib cuam tshuam, piv txwv li tus nqi sib npaug. Yuav kom nkag siab txog lub tswv yim theoretical zoo dua, tus nqi sib npaug feem ntau yog piav qhia hauv daim duab. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txawm hais tias kev ua lag luam nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug, qhov no yuav tsis cuam tshuam tus nqi zoo vim yog kev lag luam tsis zoo xws li kev thov lossis cov khoom lag luam overstate lossis understate. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus nqi lag luam kuj tsis tshua nyuaj kom nkag siab vim nws tsis yog tus nqi theoretical.
