Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Peptidoglycan vs MuramicAcid
Txawm hais tias qee qhov zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Peptidoglycan thiab MuramicAcid, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob yam khoom no. Peptidoglycan yog ib qho polymer, tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm ntau cov kab mob uas muaj suab thaj thiab amino acids. Cov qab zib thiab cov amino acids no tsim ib txheej zoo li mesh sab nraum cov plasma membrane ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau thiab qee cov archaea. Muramic acid yog ib qho amino qab zib acid thiab nws tshwm sim ib txwm ua raws li N-acetylmuramic acid nyob rau hauv peptidoglycan. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm peptidoglycan thiab muramic acid. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, cia peb piav qhia ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm peptidoglycan thiab muramic acid.
YPeptidoglycan yog dab tsi?
Peptidoglycan yog ib qho polymer uas muaj suab thaj thiab cov amino acids uas tsim cov txheej txheej zoo li txheej sab nraud ntawm cov plasma membrane ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau thiab qee cov archaea yog li tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm tes. Nws tseem hu ua murein. Cov khoom qab zib muaj xws li kev sib hloov ntawm cov residues ntawm β-(1, 4) txuas N-acetylglucosamine thiab N-acetylmuramic acid. Txuas nrog N-acetylmuramic acid yog ether ntawm lactic acid thiab N-acetylglucosamine thiab nws yog peptide saw ntawm peb mus rau tsib amino acids. Cov saw peptide no yog cross-linked rau peptide saw ntawm lwm txoj hlua tsim 3D complex mesh zoo li qauv. Peptidoglycan ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob, muab cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab lub zog, nrog rau kev teb cov osmotic siab ntawm cytoplasm. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, peptidoglycan kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig hauv binary fission thaum lub sij hawm cov kab mob ntawm tes rov ua dua. Cov kab mob Gram-zoo muaj cov txheej txheem peptidoglycan tuab heev thaum cov kab mob Gram-negative muaj cov txheej peptidoglycan nyias nyias. Hauv lwm lo lus, peptidoglycan tsim ib ncig ntawm 90% ntawm qhov hnyav qhuav ntawm cov kab mob gram-zoo tab sis tsuas yog 10% ntawm cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov qib siab ntawm peptidoglycan yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kab mob gram-staining ntawm cov kab mob xws li Gram-positive.
YMuramicAcid yog dab tsi?
Muramic acid yog ib qho amino qab zib los ntawm peptidoglycan txheej ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm ntau cov kab mob. Nws cov tshuaj formula yog C9H17NO7 thiab molar loj yog 251.2. Nws lub npe IUPAC systematic yog 2-{[3-Amino-2, 5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanoic acid. Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws yog ether ntawm lactic acid thiab glucosamine. Nws tshwm sim raws li N-acetylmuramic acid nyob rau hauv peptidoglycan. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob hu ua Chlamydiae yog qhov txawv txav uas tsis muaj muramic acid hauv lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Peptidoglycan thiab MuramicAcid yog dab tsi?
Peptidoglycan thiab muramic acid tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov no tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no,
Kev txhais ntawm Peptidoglycan thiab MuramicAcid:
Peptidoglycan: Ib yam khoom tsim cov phab ntsa cell ntawm ntau cov kab mob, muaj cov glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked nrog luv peptides.
Muramic acid: Ib qho amino qab zib. Hauv chemistry, ib qho amino qab zib los yog 2-amino-2-deoxysugar yog cov suab thaj molecule uas ib pawg hydroxyl tau hloov nrog ib pawg amine.
yam ntxwv ntawm Peptidoglycan thiab MuramicAcid:
Monomer lossis Polymer qauv:
YPeptidoglycan yog ib qho polymer.
Muramic acid yog monomer.
Cov qauv tshuaj:
Peptidoglycan: Nws yog cov qauv siv lead ua lattice tau tsim los ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntawm ob lub suab sib txuas amino, uas yog N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) thiab N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Lub interchanging amino qab zib yog kev cob cog rua ntawm ib tug β-(1, 4)-glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus.
Muramic acid: Nws yog ether ntawm lactic acid thiab glucosamine.
qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob:
Peptidoglycan: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li penicillin inhibit nrog kev tsim peptidoglycan los ntawm kev khi rau cov kab mob enzymes. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua penicillin-binding proteins, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob no feem ntau tsom peptidoglycan kab mob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes vim tias cov tsiaj cell tsis muaj cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab yog li cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, lysozyme yog suav tias yog tib neeg lub cev cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lysozyme tuaj yeem rhuav tshem β-(1, 4)-glycosidic bonds hauv peptidoglycan thiab rhuav tshem ntau cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txheej ntawm pseudo peptidoglycan nyob rau hauv ib co archaea muaj cov qab zib residues yog β-(1, 3) txuas N-acetylglucosamine thiab N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid. Yog li ntawd, lub cell phab ntsa ntawm Archaea yog insensitive rau lysozyme.
Muramic acid: Muab piv rau feem ntau cov kab mob ntawm cov phab ntsa, Chlamydial cell phab ntsa tsis muaj muramic acid. Yog li, penicillin tsis tuaj yeem siv los kho tus kab mob chlamydial.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, muramic acid yog ib qho amino qab zib, thiab nws ua raws li ib feem ntawm peptidoglycan ntawm cov kab mob cell phab ntsa. Peptidoglycan txheej ntawm cov kab mob hauv phab ntsa yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob gram zoo thiab tsis zoo nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
