Static vs Dynamic Equilibrium
Equilibrium yog ib lub tswv yim siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev qhuab qhia, qhia qhov sib npaug ntawm ob lub zog tawm tsam hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab.
Hauv qhov no, qhov sib npaug zoo li qub thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug yog ob lub xeev ntawm lub cev uas muaj ob lossis ntau lub zog sib npaug. Cov xwm txheej no tau tshawb xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv tshuab, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub cev chemistry.
Dab tsi yog Static Equilibrium?
Raws li kev nkag siab zoo, qhov sib npaug zoo li qub txhais tau tias yog lub xeev uas ob qho tib si macroscopic thiab microscopic zog ntawm lub kaw lus tseem tsis hloov nrog lub sijhawm.
Hauv kev siv tshuab, lub kaw lus uas tsis muaj lub zog ua rau nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv lub xeev sib npaug. Nws yog txaus hais tias yog, • Cov vector sum ntawm tag nrho cov sab nraud rog yog xoom; ∑ →FEXT=0
• The sums of the moment of all external force about any line is xoom, ∑ →GEXT=0
ces lub kaw lus nyob hauv qhov sib npaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov nrawm ntawm lub kaw lus tseem yog xoom (piv txwv li → V=0), ces lub kaw lus nyob hauv qhov sib npaug zoo li qub.
Piv txwv li, xav txog ib yam khoom pw ntawm lub rooj hauv chav. Lub zog sab nraud ntawm cov khoom, los yog lub zog rub (piv txwv li, Qhov hnyav), yog countered los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lub rooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov hnyav yog nyob ntawm tib kab, yog li tsis muaj lub sijhawm tsim tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rooj yog nyob rau hauv av nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev, thiab tsis txav. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias phau ntawv nyob hauv qhov sib npaug zoo li qub.
Dynamic Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib npaug sib npaug tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li lub xeev ntawm lub kaw lus uas cov khoom macroscopic tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum lub tshuab microscopic hloov pauv.
Hauv kev siv tshuab, nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog lub xeev ntawm lub kaw lus uas lub kaw lus nyob hauv qhov sib npaug, tab sis qhov nrawm tsis yog xoom (piv txwv li lub kaw lus txav ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm). Yog li ntawd, • ∑→FEXT=0
• ∑→GEXT=0
• →V ≠ 0
Rov xav txog lub rooj thiab cov khoom, tab sis tsis yog chav tsev, nws tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub cabin ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau txav ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm thermodynamics, yog tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub kaw lus tseem tsis hloov pauv (piv txwv li lub zog ntawm lub cev tsis hloov pauv) thaum lub tshav kub thiab kev hloov pauv ua haujlwm tshwm sim. Cov xwm txheej tsim nyog yog tias qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj, dynamic equilibrium tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug reversible cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov concentration ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tseem tsis hloov, tab sis tseem muaj qee cov reactants hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov khoom thiab cov khoom tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv reactants. Tab sis ob txoj kev tawm tsam no tau tshwm sim ntawm tib tus nqi.
Piv txwv, xav txog NO2 thiab N2O4. Thaum NO2 roj tau ntim rau hauv lub thawv, qhov nce hauv qhov siab ua rau lub cev tsis zoo rau pem hauv ntej, thiab N2 O 4 yog tsim los txo cov molecules thiab nws thiaj li txo qhov siab. Tab sis ntawm qee qhov taw tes, cov lus teb rau pem hauv ntej zoo li nres thiab N2O4 ntau lawm zoo li nres. Cov concentrations (los yog ib nrab siab) ntawm qhov system tseem tsis hloov. Tab sis ntawm qib molecular NO2 hloov mus rau N2O4 thiab rov ua dua.
Qhov txawv ntawm Static thiab Dynamic Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
• Hauv qhov sib npaug zoo li qub, ob qho tib si microscopic thiab macroscopic cov khoom tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum, nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug, cov khoom siv microscopic hloov thaum cov khoom macroscopic tseem tsis hloov.
• Hauv kev siv tshuab, lub kaw lus uas tsis muaj kev sib npaug sab nraud thiab lub sijhawm sab nraud tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov sib npaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lub kaw lus nyob ruaj ruaj, nws nyob hauv qhov sib npaug zoo li qub, thiab yog tias txav ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, nws nyob hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
• Hauv cov txheej txheem thermodynamic, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua thiab cov cua sov thiab huab cua hloov pauv cov tswv yim thiab cov zis yog sib npaug, qhov system nyob rau hauv (dynamic / thermodynamic) equilibrium.
• Hauv cov tshuaj, yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab zoo ib yam, lub kaw lus tau hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
