Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm epitope thiab hapten yog tias epitope yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum hapten yog ib qho me me molecule uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog thaum sib txuas rau cov khoom nqa khoom tsim nyog.
Txoj kev uas tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv cov kab mob phem lossis cov khoom txawv teb chaws hu ua kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pom cov antigens ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob, tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem lawv siv macrophages lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv. Epitope thiab hapten yog ob lub qauv tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob.
Epitope yog dab tsi?
Epitope lossis antigenic determinant yog ib feem ntawm ib qho antigen uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho epitope tshwj xeeb tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, B hlwb, lossis T hlwb. Ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas khi rau qhov tshwj xeeb epitope hauv antigen yog hu ua paratope. Epitopes feem ntau yog cov protein uas tsis yog tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab ke uas tau muab los ntawm tus tswv tsev uas tuaj yeem lees paub kuj ua haujlwm raws li epitopes hauv cov kab mob autoimmune.
Daim duab 01: Epitope
Cov epitopes ntawm antigens tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li kev sib haum xeeb epitopes thiab linear epitopes. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog paratope. Lub conformational epitope feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm 3D conformation saws los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm discontiguous amino acid residues. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho linear epitope feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm 3D conformation saws los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov amino acid residues. Ntxiv mus, linear epitope tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acids koom nrog. Tsis tas li ntawd, 90% ntawm cov epitopes yog conformational, thiab tus so ntawm 10% yog linear hauv xwm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Epitope tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1985.
Hapten yog dab tsi?
A hapten yog ib qho me me molecule uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog thaum sib txuas rau cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog. Hapten reacts nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws tsis yog immunogenic los ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, hapten tsuas tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab sib txuas rau cov kab mob tsim nyog zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tom qab hapten raug khi rau ib qho loj molecule zoo li tus cab kuj protein, nws yuav dhau los ua ib qho antigen tag. Yog li ntawd, ib qho hapten yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis tiav antigen. Ntau yam tshuaj xws li penicillin yog haptens.
Daim duab 02: Happten
Ib tus neeg nqa khoom tsis ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm nws tus kheej. Thaum lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob hu ua hapten-carrier adduct, me me hapten molecule kuj tseem tuaj yeem khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis tsuas yog tus kab mob hapten-carrier adduct feem ntau pib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, hapten molecules tuaj yeem qee zaum txawm thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob hu ua hapten los ntawm kev khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua hapten inhibition.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Epitope thiab Hapten?
- Epitope thiab hapten yog ob lub qauv tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Ob leeg tuaj yeem khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntshav.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li kab mob, kab mob, lossis lwm yam co toxins.
Qhov txawv ntawm Epitope thiab Hapten yog dab tsi?
Ib qho epitope yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua haujlwm raws li kev txiav txim siab antigenic lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum lub hapten yog ib qho me me molecule uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog thaum sib txuas rau cov khoom nqa khoom tsim nyog. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm epitope thiab hapten. Tsis tas li ntawd, epitope yog ib feem ntawm cov protein txawv teb chaws lossis tus kheej cov protein, thaum hapten yog ib qho tsis tiav antigen.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm epitope thiab hapten hauv daim ntawv qhia rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Epitope vs Hapten
Epitope thiab hapten yog ob lub qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Epitope yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum hapten yog ib qho me me molecule uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog thaum sib txuas rau cov kab mob tsim nyog. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm epitope thiab hapten.
