Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule

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Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule
Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule
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Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab cov molecule yog cov ntsiab lus yog cov khoom ntshiab uas muaj tib hom atom nkaus xwb, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thaum lub sij hawm molecules yuav muaj ob lossis ntau dua atoms ntawm tib lub caij lossis sib txawv. element.

Atoms yog cov chav me me uas sau los ua txhua yam tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Atoms tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov atoms hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab tsim ntau txhiab molecules thiab lwm cov tebchaw. Raws li lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pub dawb lossis tshem tawm lub peev xwm, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus cog lus lossis ionic bonds. Qee zaum muaj qhov tsis muaj zog heev ntawm cov atoms. Ob lub molecules thiab cov ntsiab lus yog tsim los ntawm atoms.

Dab tsi yog Element?

Peb yeej paub lo lus "tseem ceeb," vim peb kawm txog lawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Muaj txog 118 lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, teem raws li lawv atomic tooj. Ib lub ntsiab lus yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj tib hom atoms, yog li lawv yog cov ntshiab. Cov khoom me tshaj plaws yog hydrogen, thiab nyiaj, kub, platinum yog qee yam uas paub zoo tshaj plaws. Txhua lub ntsiab lus muaj atomic mass, atomic tooj, cim, hluav taws xob configuration, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias feem ntau lub ntsiab yog ib txwm tshwm sim, muaj ib co khoom xws li Californium, Americium, Einsteinium, thiab Mendelevium.

Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv - Element vs Molecule
Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv - Element vs Molecule

Txhua lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: hlau, metalloids thiab non-metals. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau muab faib ua pawg thiab lub sijhawm raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg los yog lub sij hawm sib koom ua ke qee yam yam ntxwv, thiab qee qhov khoom yuav hloov tau raws li thaum koj mus dhau ib pab pawg lossis lub sijhawm. Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem raug hloov pauv tshuaj los ua ntau yam sib txuas; Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem tawg ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj yooj yim. Muaj cov atoms ntawm tib lub caij nrog ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons; cov no yog hu ua isotopes ntawm ib lub caij.

Molecule yog dab tsi?

Molecules yog tsim los ntawm chemically bonding ob los yog ntau dua atoms ntawm tib lub caij (xws li: O2, N2) los yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv (H2O, NH3). Molecules tsis muaj nqi, thiab cov atoms yog sib koom los ntawm covalent bonds. Molecules tuaj yeem loj heev (hemoglobin) lossis me me (H 2), nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus atoms uas txuas nrog. Hom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog qhia los ntawm cov mis mos molecular.

Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule
Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule

Qhov yooj yim tus lej piv ntawm atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog muab los ntawm cov qauv empirical. Piv txwv li, C6H12O6 yog tus qauv molecular ntawm qabzib, thiab CH. 2O is the empirical formula. Molecular mass yog qhov loj suav nrog rau tag nrho cov atoms muab rau hauv cov mis molecular. Txhua molecule muaj nws tus kheej geometry. Cov atoms nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog teem nyob rau hauv qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws nrog rau cov kev sib raug zoo lub kaum sab xis thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntev kom txo tau cov repulsions thiab straining rog.

Qhov txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule yog dab tsi?

Cov ntsiab lus yog cov tshuaj dawb huv uas muaj tib hom atom nkaus xwb, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj txhais tau tias thaum molecules yuav muaj ob lossis ntau dua atoms ntawm tib lub caij lossis cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub caij thiab cov molecule yog cov ntsiab lus tsuas yog ib hom atoms xwb thaum molecules yuav muaj ob lossis ntau dua atoms ntawm tib lub caij lossis cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus suav nrog hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, tooj liab thiab zinc thaum qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov molecules muaj xws li carbon dioxide, dej, thiab ozone. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom ntawm ib lub caij feem ntau hloov tag nrho thaum lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub molecule.

Hauv qab info-graphic qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab thiab molecule hauv daim ntawv tabular.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule nyob rau hauv daim ntawv Tabular
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Element thiab Molecule nyob rau hauv daim ntawv Tabular

Summary – Element vs Molecule

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab cov molecule yog cov ntsiab lus tsuas yog ib hom atoms xwb thaum molecules yuav muaj ob lossis ntau lub atoms ntawm tib lub caij lossis cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Cov khoom ntawm ib lub caij feem ntau hloov tag nrho thaum lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub molecule.

Image Courtesy:

1. "Lub sij hawm yooj yim hu" Los ntawm László Németh - Tus kheej ua haujlwm, CC0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia

2. "Covalent Bonds" Los ntawm BruceBlaus - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 4.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia

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