Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm centromere thiab chromomere yog tias centromere yog thaj tsam txwv tsis pub koom nrog cov muam chromatids ua ke hauv chromosome thaum chromomere yog cov kab sib txuas zoo li cov hlaws zoo li tam sim no raws li qhov ntev ntawm chromosome.
A chromosome yog cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov nucleic acids thiab cov proteins. Lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev. Muaj ntau thaj chaw sib txawv hauv ib chromosome, suav nrog chromatids, centromere, chromomere thiab telomere. Lub centromere yog qhov pom qhov pom ntawm constriction hauv chromosome. Nws koom cov viv ncaus chromatids ua ke thiab tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm faib ntawm tes. Hauv qhov sib piv, chromomeres yog nruj me ntsis coiled chromatin tam sim no raws qhov ntev ntawm chromosome. Lawv tshwm raws li cov hlaws dai ntawm ib txoj hlua. Lawv nqa cov noob thaum lub sij hawm qub txeeg qub teg.
Centromere yog dab tsi?
Centromere yog cov qauv uas txuas ob chromatids ua ke hauv ib chromosome. Nws yog ib qho pom ntawm constriction hauv chromosome. Centromere muaj rov ua ntu zus ntawm DNA thiab cov proteins tshwj xeeb. Cov proteins no tsim cov qauv zoo li disk hu ua kinetochore ntawm lub centromere. Kinetochores koom nrog hauv xov tooj ntawm tes taw qhia rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes, thiab nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw txuas tseem ceeb rau spindle microtubules.
Daim duab 01: Centromere
Centromeres yog ob hom raws li cheeb tsam centromeres thiab point centromeres. Point centromeres tsim ib txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm kev txuas rau ib chromosome thiab khi rau cov protein sib txawv. Cov proteins no paub txog cov txiaj ntsig DNA zoo heev. Tab sis cov chromosomes hauv cheeb tsam tsim muaj ntau yam txuas rau ib chromosome. Regional centromeres muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov kab mob es tsis yog point centromeres.
Nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm centromere hauv ib qho chromosome thiab qhov ntev ntawm caj npab ntawm chromosome, muaj rau ntau hom chromosomes. Lawv yog acrocentric, sub-metacentric, metacentric, telocentric, dicentric thiab acentric.
Chromomere yog dab tsi?
Chromomere lossis idiomere yog ib txoj kab sib dhos zoo li cov qauv hlaws tam sim no raws qhov ntev ntawm chromosome. Lawv tshwm raws li cov hlaws dai ntawm ib txoj hlua. Lawv yog cov cheeb tsam ntawm nruj folded DNA los yog pawg ntawm coiled chromatin. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog pom raws li ib tug tsaus staining bands. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv pom ntawm chromosome thaum lub sij hawm prophase ntawm meiosis thiab mitosis. Kev faib tawm ntawm chromomeres yog yam ntxwv rau ib qho chromosome. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txoj haujlwm ntawm chromomeres yog tas li rau ib qho chromosome. Ntxiv mus, tus qauv ntawm kev faib yog txawv ntawm chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, lawv muab ib tug cim cim rau txhua homologous chromosome khub.
Daim duab 02: Chromomere
Chromomeres muaj cov noob lossis cov noob caj noob nyob hauv lawv cov qauv, thiab lawv yog lub luag haujlwm nqa cov noob thaum lub sijhawm qub txeeg qub teg. Chromomere maps yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces thiab chromosome. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum nrhiav qhov tseeb ntawm cov noob ntawm cov chromosome. Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv qhia chromomeric muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshuaj xyuas chromosomal aberrations.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Centromere thiab Chromomere?
- Centromere thiab chromomere yog ob feem pom hauv eukaryotic chromosomes.
- Txoj haujlwm ntawm centromere thiab chromomere yog tas mus li rau ib qho chromosome.
- Ob qhov chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv eukaryotes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Centromere thiab Chromomere yog dab tsi?
Centromere yog ib hom DNA tshwj xeeb uas koom nrog ob tus viv ncaus chromosomes ntawm chromosome ua ke thaum chromomere yog cov hlaws zoo li cov pob zeb coiled chromatin tam sim no raws li qhov ntev ntawm chromosome. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm centromere thiab chromomere. Tsis tas li ntawd, centromeres feem ntau pom nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov chromosome thaum chromomeres muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome.
Lwm qhov txawv ntawm centromere thiab chromomere yog cov haujlwm uas lawv ua. Centromere txuas ib khub niam txiv chromatids. Nws kuj muab qhov chaw rau spindle fiber txuas thaum lub sij hawm mitosis thiab meiosis. Hauv qhov sib piv, chromomeres muaj cov noob caj noob ces lossis cov noob caj noob ces, thiab lawv nqa cov noob thaum lub sijhawm qub txeeg qub teg. Peb tuaj yeem pom ib lossis ob (feem ntau yog) centromeres hauv ib chromosome thaum muaj ntau chromomeres hauv ib chromosome.
Hauv qab infographic qhia ntau qhov kev sib piv ntsig txog qhov sib txawv ntawm centromere thiab chromomere.
Summary – Centromere vs Chromomere
Centromere yog thaj tsam txwv ntawm chromosome uas txuas ob tus muam chromatids ua ke. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem DNA tshwj xeeb, thiab nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais ntawm chromosomes. Ntxiv mus, centromeres pab kom sib npaug sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces rau hauv cov menyuam ntxhais thaum lub sijhawm sib faib ntawm tes. Thaum lub sij hawm faib cell, lub centromere ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum lwm qhov chaw tsis ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, chromomeres yog cov hlaws zoo li cov qauv tsim vertically raws qhov ntev ntawm cov chromosomes. Lawv yog cov loj ntawm coiled chromatin. Lawv yog lub luag hauj lwm rau nqa cov noob thaum lub sij hawm qub txeeg qub teg. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm centromere thiab chromomere.
