Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy yog qhov aneuploidy yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim vim ploj lawm lossis ib qho chromosome ntxiv hauv genome ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub polyploidy yog ib qho mob thaum lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj ntau tshaj ob pawg. chromosomes.
Txhua lub cev muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm chromosomes hauv txhua lub xovtooj, thiab nws nyob mus li rau lub cev. Hauv tib neeg, muaj 23 homologous chromosome khub. Tawm ntawm lawv, 22 yog autosomes thaum ib khub yog allosomes thiab koom nrog hauv kev txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej. Raws li, diploid hais txog cov kab mob uas muaj ob pawg ntawm homologous chromosomes. Feem ntau ntawm cov hom yog diploid thiab cim raws li 2n kab mob. Hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, sporophyte yog diploid. Tib neeg kuj yog diploid.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kab mob haploid muaj ib pawg chromosomes, thiab lawv cov cim yog n. Lwm yam tshaj li 2n thiab n, qee cov kab mob muaj ntau tshaj ob pawg chromosomes thiab hu ua polyploidy. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag pom muaj polyploidity, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj siab dua. Hauv qhov sib piv, Aneuploidy yog ib qho mob, uas muaj cov chromosome uas ploj lawm lossis ntxiv ib qho chromosome lossis ib feem ntawm chromosome. Ob leeg polyploidy thiab aneuploidy qhia qhov txawv txav ntawm tus lej chromosome.
Aneuploidy yog dab tsi?
Aneuploidy yog ib yam mob uas muaj cov chromosomes txawv txav nyob rau hauv lub genome. Feem ntau, aneuploidy tshwm sim thaum ib chromosome ploj lawm lossis muaj ib qho chromosome ntxiv. Vim li ntawd, tag nrho cov chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib lub cell txawv ntawm cov tsiaj qus hom. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej ntawm cov chromosome, muaj ntau hom aneuploidy xws li monosomy (2n-1), disomy (n + 1), trisomy (2n + 1) thiab nullisomy (2n-2) qhov twg niam txiv phenotype yog 2n.
Daim duab 01: Aneuploidy – Klinefelter Syndrome
Aneuploidy tshwm sim feem ntau yog vim tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais chromosomes kom zoo rau cov ncej sib txawv hauv kev faib hluav taws xob. Qhov ntawd yog; hauv mitosis lossis meiosis, ob tus muam chromatids lossis homologous chromosomes mus rau ib tus ncej, lossis hauv lwm lo lus, tsis muaj rau lwm tus. Ntxiv mus, cov kab mob caj ces xws li Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome thiab Turner syndrome yog vim muaj mob aneuploidy.
Polyploidy yog dab tsi?
Polyploidy yog ib yam mob thaum lub cell muaj ntau tshaj ob pawg chromosomes. Yog li nws hloov tus lej chromosome hauv ib lub cell. Polyploidy tuaj yeem pom ntau zaus hauv cov paj ntoo nrog rau cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj, tshwj tsis yog cov vertebrates thiab invertebrates. Ob peb hom polyploidy tshwm sim los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem. Autopolyploidy yog ib hom uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov genome ntawm tib hom. Nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm gamete tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib deev reproduction thaum meiosis tshwm sim.
Daim duab 02: Polyploidy
Tsis tas li ntawd, autoplidy tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov txawv txav ntawm tes hauv mitosis. Allopolyploidy yog lwm hom mob polyploidy uas tshwm sim vim kev sib xyaw ntawm cov genomes ntawm ntau hom xws li hauv hom hybrid. Polyploidy kuj tuaj yeem raug ntxias siv ntau yam tshuaj xws li colchicine los ntawm inhibiting cell division.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Aneuploidy thiab Polyploidy?
- Aneuploidy thiab polyploidy yog ob hom mob uas tsim kom muaj tus lej ntawm chromosomes txawv txav hauv genome ntawm cov hlwb.
- Ob qho xwm txheej tsim kab mob tuag taus.
- Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si cuam tshuam qhov sib npaug uas twb muaj lawm hauv hlwb.
- Thiab, ob qho tib si tshwm sim vim kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv meiosis lossis mitosis.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aneuploidy thiab Polyploidy yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy yog qhov aneuploidy tshwm sim vim hloov pauv chromosome lossis ib feem ntawm chromosome xws li 2n-1 (monosomic), thiab lwm yam, thaum polyploidy tshwm sim vim hloov pauv cov chromosome tooj xws li Raws li 2n, 3n, 5n, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, aneuploidy tuaj yeem pom hauv tib neeg raws li kev mob caj ces; Piv txwv li, Turner Syndrome thiab Down Syndrome, thaum polyploidy tuaj yeem pom hauv qee cov nqaij leeg tib neeg. Aneuploidy feem ntau tshwm sim hauv tib neeg, thaum polyploidy tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tib neeg. Yog li, nws yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy.
Txog cov nroj tsuag ib yam nkaus, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy; polyploidy tuaj yeem pom hauv cov nroj tsuag ntau dua li aneuploidy. Hauv qab no yog ib qho infographic ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy.
Summary – Aneuploidy vs Polyploidy
Aneuploidy thiab polyploidy yog ob qho kev txawv txav ntawm chromosomal uas tshwm sim hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Aneuploidy yog ib yam mob uas hloov tag nrho cov chromosomes hauv ib lub cell. Feem ntau, nws tshwm sim thaum muaj chromosome ntxiv los yog thaum muaj chromosome uas ploj lawm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, polyploidy yog ib yam mob uas hais txog kev muaj ntau tshaj ob pawg chromosomes. Li no lub ploidy ntawm lub cev hloov los ntawm 2n mus rau 3n, 4n, thiab lwm yam. Aneuploidy yog heev nyob rau hauv tib neeg thaum polyploidy yog heev muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm aneuploidy thiab polyploidy.
