Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Euploidy vs Aneuploidy
Ib lub cell diploid ib txwm muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes, teem rau 23 khub. Qhov no hu ua 2n cell. Diploid hlwb muab faib los ntawm mitotic cell division. Thaum yug me nyuam, gametes xws li phev thiab qe qe yog tsim los ntawm meiosis cell division. Gametes muaj 23 chromosomes thiab hu ua n cells lossis haploid cells. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau qhov yuam kev hauv kev faib tawm ntawm tes, tus ntxhais cell tuaj yeem tau txais tus lej txawv txav ntawm chromosomes ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim yog hu ua chromosomal variations. Muaj ntau hom chromosomal variations nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj. Euploidy thiab aneuploidy yog ob qho kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm euploidy thiab aneuploidy yog tias euploidy hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chromosomes tag nrho hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis cov kabmob thaum aneuploidy hais txog qhov txawv ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome tooj los ntawm cov chromosome ib txwm ntawm ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob vim yog ntxiv lossis tshem tawm ntawm chromosomes.
Euploidy yog dab tsi?
Euploidy yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chromosomes tiav hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis kabmob. Euploidy muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau zaus tshaj li tsiaj. Txij li tus lej chromosomal hauv ib lub xovtooj cuam tshuam rau kev sib deev ntawm cov tsiaj, euploidy nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj hlwb ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus. Li no, euploidy feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov nroj tsuag ntau dua li tsiaj.
Thaum lub sijhawm euploidy, tag nrho cov chromosomes tau muab luam tawm ib zaug lossis ob peb zaug thaum lub sijhawm faib cell. Diploidy, triploidy, tetraploidy, pentaploidy, polyploidy, autopolyploidy, allopolyploidy yog ntau hom kev mob euploidy. Cells uas muaj 3 daim ntawv ntawm txhua tus chromosome yog hu ua triploid thiab nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ib lub qe yog fertilized nrog 2 phev. Tetraploid cells lossis kab mob muaj 4 daim ntawv luam ntawm txhua tus chromosome. Autopolyploid muaj ib qho ntxiv ntawm chromosomes tau txais los ntawm niam txiv lossis tus niam txiv zoo ib yam. Allopolyploids muaj ib txheej ntxiv ntawm chromosomes muab los ntawm lwm hom.
Daim duab 01: Euploidy
Aneuploidy yog dab tsi?
Aneuploidy yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome tus lej hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob los ntawm kev ntxiv lossis tshem tawm ntawm chromosomes. Tsis zoo li euploidy, nws tsis suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov ua tiav ntawm chromosomes. Qhov tseeb, aneuploidy tsis hloov tus naj npawb ntawm cov chromosome, nws tsuas yog hloov pauv tag nrho cov chromosomes ib txwm nyob hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob. Qhov kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm caj ces ntawm lub cell lossis kab mob. Nws hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces lossis cov khoom ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob thiab yog ib qho kev txawv txav uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob sib txawv xws li Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, triple X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner's syndrome, Cri du chat syndrome, thiab lwm yam.
Monosomy thiab trisomy yog ob yam mob aneuploidy pom hauv kab mob. Lo lus monosomy yog siv los piav txog qhov txawv txav ntawm chromosomal uas ib chromosome tsis tuaj ntawm ib khub ntawm homologous chromosomes. Lub sij hawm trisomy yog siv los piav txog tus lej chromosome txawv txav uas peb chromosomes (ib khub + chromosome ntxiv) yog tam sim no los ntawm ib hom homologous chromosomes. Ob qho xwm txheej no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog 2n-1 thiab 2n + 1 raws.
Muaj lwm ob hom mob aneuploidy hu ua nullisomy thiab tetrasomy. Nullisomy yog hais txog qhov txawv txav chromosomal muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm ob chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib tug homologous chromosome khub. Nws tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog 2n-2. Tetrasomy hais txog qhov txawv txav uas tshwm sim vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib khub ntxiv ntawm homologous chromosomes thiab nws tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog 2n + 2. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no ua rau tus lej chromosomal txawv txav lossis cov lej hloov pauv hauv tag nrho tus lej.
Daim duab 02: Aneuploidy tej yam kev mob vim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam
Qhov txawv ntawm Euploidy thiab Aneuploidy yog dab tsi?
Euploidy vs Aneuploidy |
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| Euploidy yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chromosomal txheej ntawm cov cell lossis kab mob. | Aneuploidy yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome tus lej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob. |
| Number of Chromosome Sets | |
| Tus lej ntawm cov chromosome hloov pauv. | Tus lej ntawm cov chromosome tsis hloov. |
| Chromosomal Composition | |
| Cells muaj xeev ntawm 3n, 4n, thiab lwm yam. | Cells nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm 2n+1, 2n-1, n-1, n+1, thiab lwm yam. |
| Euploidy tshwm sim vim muaj fertilization ntawm ib lub qe nrog ob phev thiab lwm yam. | Aneuploidy tshwm sim vim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv meiosis 1 thiab 2 thiab mitosis. |
| Nyob hauv tib neeg | |
| Euploidy tsis pom hauv tib neeg. | Aneuploidy pom hauv tib neeg. |
Summary – Euploidy vs Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy yog kev hloov pauv uas tus lej chromosomal txawv txav. Nws hloov tag nrho cov chromosomes vim yog poob ntawm ib lossis ntau chromosomes los yog vim yog ntxiv lossis tshem tawm ntawm ib lossis ntau dua chromosomes. Euploidy yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm chromosomes hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis kab mob. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm euploidy thiab aneuploidy. Euploidy hloov cov ntawv luam ntawm cov chromosome teeb. Ob qho tib si aneuploidy thiab euploidy tej yam kev mob yog variations ntawm ib txwm tej yam kev mob. Li no, ob qho tib si ua rau muaj cov tsos mob sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.
Download PDF Version of Euploidy vs Aneuploidy
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Euploidy thiab Aneuploidy.
