Qhov txawv ntawm Isopropyl cawv thiab cawv cawv

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isopropyl cawv thiab denatured cawv yog tias isopropyl cawv muaj peb cov pa roj carbon atoms thaum cov cawv denatured feem ntau muaj ethanol, uas muaj ob lub atoms.

Isopropyl cawv thiab cawv tsis zoo poob rau hauv qeb ntawm cawv vim lawv muaj -OH pawg. Pab pawg OH txuas nrog sp^{3 hybridized carbon. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog cov cawv me me hauv koob nrog ob lossis peb carbons. Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si yog cov kua polar thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov hydrogen bonds. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv li, ob qho tib si yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub thiab muaj kuab lom.}

Isopropyl cawv yog dab tsi?

Isopropyl cawv, uas muaj lub npe IUPAC li 2-propanol, muaj tib lub mis molecular li propanol. Qhov tseeb, isopropyl cawv yog ib qho isomer ntawm propanol. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm nws yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 60 g mol^{-1 Thiab, nws cov mis molecular yog C}3_H8 _{O. Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov molecule no txuas nrog rau cov pa roj carbon thib ob hauv cov saw hlau. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog cawv thib ob.}

Daim duab 01: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Isopropyl cawv

Saib ntawm nws cov khoom, qhov melting point ntawm isopropyl cawv yog -88 ^o C, thiab qhov kub kub yog 83 ^{oC. Nws yog miscible nrog dej thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho xim tsis muaj xim, ntshiab, flammable kua. Tab sis, nws muaj ib tug muaj zog tsw. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov no yog ib qho cawv thib ob, nws nkag mus rau txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam rau cov cawv thib ob. Nws oxidizes nruj heev los tsim acetone.}

Txawm hais txog kev siv, cov cawv no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj, khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom tu tus kheej, thiab ua rau lwm yam tshuaj.

Dab tsi yog cawv?

Denatured cawv feem ntau muaj ethanol. Ethanol yog ib qho cawv yooj yim nrog cov mis molecular ntawm C₂H₅OH. Saib ntawm nws cov khoom, nws yog cov kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov kua dej uas muaj hluav taws kub. Lub melting point ntawm no compound yog -114.1 ^o C, thiab lub boiling point yog 78.5 ^{o C. Ntxiv mus, nws yog polar vim qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab hydrogen hauv pawg -OH. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog pawg -OH, nws muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds.}

Daim duab 02: Ib Lub raj mis ntawm Cawv Cawv

Kev hais txog kev siv, ethanol yog qhov tseem ceeb ua dej haus. Raws li ethanol feem pua, muaj ntau hom dej haus xws li cawv, npias, whiskey, brandy, arrack, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, denatured cawv yog ethanol nrog rau lwm yam additives, uas ua rau nws tsis zoo rau haus. Peb lub npe hu ua methylated dab vim hais tias ua ntej, lub ntsiab additive rau qhov no yog methanol, uas yog hais txog 10%. Lwm yam tshaj li methanol, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv lwm yam khoom ntxiv xws li isopropyl cawv, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, thiab denatonium los ua cov cawv cawv.

Ntxiv mus, qhov ntxiv rau cov molecules ntxiv no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm ethanol tab sis ua rau nws muaj tshuaj lom heev. Qee zaum denatured cawv tej zaum yuav muaj xim vim yog ntxiv cov dyes. denatured cawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab roj. Nws kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj tua kab mob, khaws cov kab mob lom, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, denatured cawv yog ib qho pheej yig dua rau methanol thiab ethanol hauv ntau yam haujlwm.

Qhov txawv ntawm Isopropyl cawv thiab cawv cawv yog dab tsi?

Txawm hais tias isopropyl cawv thiab cawv tsis zoo poob rau hauv tib pawg, cov cawv, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm isopropyl cawv thiab cawv cawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isopropyl cawv thiab denatured cawv yog tias isopropyl cawv muaj peb cov pa roj carbon atoms thaum cov cawv denatured feem ntau muaj ethanol, uas muaj ob lub atoms. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias cov cawv isopropyl yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm tus kheej thaum cov cawv denatured yog cov sib xyaw ntawm ntau lub tebchaw uas muaj ethanol ua cov khoom tseem ceeb sib xyaw nrog qee cov khoom ntxiv.

Summary – Isopropyl Cawv vs Denatured Cawv

Ob leeg isopropyl cawv thiab cawv tsis zoo yog cov ntaub ntawv cawv uas muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm isopropyl cawv thiab denatured cawv yog tias isopropyl cawv muaj peb carbon atoms whereas denatured cawv mas muaj ethanol, uas muaj ob atoms.