Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electrovalent thiab covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tias electrovalent daim ntawv cog lus tshwm sim los ntawm kev xa cov electrons ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov thaum covalent daim ntawv cog lus tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom valence electrons ntawm atoms. Ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic tseem hu ua electrovalent bond. Valence electrons, uas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub atom, koom nrog ob hom tshuaj sib txuas.
Kev sib txuas tshuaj yog tus yuam sij rau kev tsim ntau hom tshuaj sib xyaw. Nws ua raws li cov kua nplaum los tuav cov atoms lossis molecules ua ke. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj lom neeg yog los tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Thaum ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj, lub zog raug tso tawm, tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj hu ua ionic bond, covalent bond, thiab metallic lossis non-covalent bond.
Electrovalent Bond yog dab tsi?
Electrovalent lossis ionic bond yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau tsim los ntawm kev xa cov electrons ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau ib qho atom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab lwm lub atom tau txais qhov tsis zoo. Lub electron pub atom ua zoo them; li no, nws yog hu ua cation whereas, lub electron txais atom ua tsis zoo them thiab hu ua anion. Ib qho electrostatic attraction tshwm sim ntawm qhov cation thiab anion vim qhov hluav taws xob sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv loj hauv electronegativity ntawm ob lub atoms ua rau qhov kev sib txuas no tshwm sim. Ob qho tib si hlau thiab non-metallic atoms koom nrog hauv kev sib koom ua ke no.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus electrovalent yog cov ionic bonds dawb huv. Txhua thiab txhua qhov ionic compound tej zaum yuav muaj qee feem pua ntawm covalent bonding. Yog li, nws qhia tau hais tias ib qho ionic compound muaj ntau dua ionic cim thiab qis qis ntawm covalent tus cwj pwm. Tab sis muaj qee qhov sib txuas nrog rau qib siab ntawm covalent tus cwj pwm. Hom kev sib cog lus ntawd yog hu ua polar covalent bonds.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas uas tsim los ntawm electrovalent bonding txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ua los ntawm covalent bonding. Thaum xav txog cov khoom ntawm lub cev, feem ntau cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua thiab cov ntsiab lus melting tuaj yeem pom. Tab sis cov solubility nyob rau hauv dej thiab hluav taws xob conductivity khoom yog considerably siab. Piv txwv ntawm cov tebchaw nrog ionic bonds yuav suav nrog halides ntawm cov hlau, oxides ntawm hlau, sulfides ntawm hlau, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Electrovalent Bond
Covalent Bond yog dab tsi?
Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog ib hom tshuaj sib txuas uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke electron ntawm cov tsis yog hlau atoms. Qhov kev sib koom electron no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity tsawg ntawm ob lub atoms koom nrog kev sib txuas. Hauv covalent bonding, cov atoms tsis yog hlau feem ntau koom nrog. Cov atoms no muaj ib qho tsis tiav electron configuration nyob rau hauv lawv cov orbitals txheej, yog li, muab unpaired electrons nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom tiav electron configuration zoo ib yam li ib tug noble roj. Qhov ntawd yog vim tsis tiav electron configuration ua rau cov atom tshwj xeeb tsis ruaj khov. Tsis zoo li ionic bonding, covalent bonding yuav muaj ib leeg, ob daim ntawv cog lus los yog triple bonds ntawm ob lub atoms. Cov ntawv cog lus no tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas ob lub atoms ua raws li txoj cai octet. Cov ntawv cog lus tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tshooj ntawm atomic orbitals. Ib daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim thaum ob lub electrons sib koom. Ib daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug yog tsim thaum plaub electrons sib koom. Kev sib koom ntawm 6 electrons tuaj yeem ua rau peb daim ntawv cog lus.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tebchaw nrog covalent bonds suav nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub atoms vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm electronegativity. Yog li, solubility thiab hluav taws xob conductivity (nyob rau hauv lub xeev soluble) tsis zoo los yog tsis tuaj. Cov tebchaw no kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus melting qis thiab cov ntsiab lus boiling piv rau ionic compounds. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tebchaw yuav muab coj los ua piv txwv ntawm cov tebchaw nrog covalent bonding.
Daim duab 02: Covalent Bond
Qhov txawv ntawm Electrovalent Bond thiab Covalent Bond yog dab tsi?
Electrovalent Bond vs Covalent Bond |
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| Electrovalent bond yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ob lub atom vim kev hloov ntawm electron (s) ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov. | Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim vim kev sib koom ua ke ntawm electron khub ntawm atoms. |
| Metals vs Non-Metals | |
| Electrovalent bonds tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. | Covalent daim ntawv cog lus feem ntau tuaj yeem pom ntawm ob yam tsis yog hlau. |
| Qhov sib txawv hauv Electronegativity | |
| Qhov txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm ob lub atoms yog siab dua hauv electrovalent bonding. | Qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm ob lub atom yog qhov sib piv qis dua. |
| Solubility hauv dej thiab hluav taws xob conductivity | |
| Solubility hauv dej thiab hluav taws xob conductivity yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw nrog electrovalent bonding. | Solubility hauv dej thiab hluav taws xob conductivity yog piv qis dua hauv cov tebchaw nrog covalent bonding. |
| Boiling Points | |
| Cov ntsiab lus boiling thiab melting yog siab dua rau electrovalent bonding. | Boiling thiab melting cov ntsiab lus yog piv qis dua rau covalent bonding. |
Summary – Electrovalent vs Covalent Bonds
Electrovalent thiab covalent bonds yog ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm electrovalent thiab covalent bonds yog lawv qhov; electrovalent bond yog ib hom electrostatic attraction ntawm ob atoms whereas covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog sib koom ntawm electron khub ntawm ob atoms.
