Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus thiab dative daim ntawv cog lus yog tias covalent daim ntawv cog lus thaum unpaired electrons ntawm ob lub atoms koom nrog ib leeg whereas cov dative daim ntawv cog lus thaum lub atom pub ib tug ntawm nws cov electron khub mus rau lwm lub atom.
Txawm tias daim ntawv cog lus zoo li daim ntawv cog lus, lawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg thaum peb xav txog kev tsim daim ntawv cog lus. Tab sis, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm covalent bond thiab dative bond tom qab nws tsim. Yog li ntawd, peb feem ntau hu ua daim ntawv cog lus dative ib daim ntawv cog lus, uas tsis yog yuam kev.
Covalent Bond yog dab tsi?
Ib daim ntawv cogalent yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj uas tsim thaum ob lub atoms sib koom ua ke electron. Peb hu nws "molecular bond". Cov electrons uas tau muab faib yog "paub sib koom" lossis "cov khub sib koom ua ke". Covalent daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm qhov sib npaug ruaj khov ntawm kev txaus siab thiab kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov atoms thaum lawv sib koom electrons. Qhov kev sib koom electron no tso cai rau txhua lub atom kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud. Hom kev sib cog lus no yog tsim los ntawm ob lub nonmetal atoms uas muaj ze li qhov zoo sib xws ntawm electronegativity los yog ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau ion zoo.
Daim duab 01: Tsim Covalent Bond Ntawm ob Hydrogen Atoms
Covalent daim ntawv cog lus feem ntau yog ob hom; lawv yog polar bonds thiab nonpolar bonds. Polar bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub atom nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.4 txog 1.7. Daim ntawv cog lus nonpolar yog tias qhov sib txawv no qis dua 0.4. Qhov no yog vim hais tias, qhov sib txawv siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity txhais tau tias, ib lub atom (muaj tus nqi electronegativity siab dua) nyiam cov electrons ntau dua li lwm lub atom ua rau daim ntawv cog lus, polar.
Muaj peb hom loj ntawm covalent bonds raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov electron khub uas tau sib koom ntawm ob lub atoms. Lawv yog ib daim ntawv cog lus uas koom nrog ib khub electron, ob daim ntawv cog lus uas muaj ob lub electron, thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus triple uas muaj peb lub electron.
Dative Bond yog dab tsi?
Ib daim ntawv cog lus yog ib hom kev cog lus cog lus uas tsim thaum ib lub atom pub nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau lwm lub atom. Tom qab tsim daim ntawv cog lus, nws zoo nkaus li zoo li daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no yog vim hais tias ob lub atoms sib koom ua ke electron ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus.
Daim duab 02: Tsim Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Dative
Synonyms rau daim ntawv cog lus no yog "dipolar bond" thiab "coordinate bond". Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov ntawv cog lus hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Nyob ntawd, cov hlau ions khi nrog ligands ntawm cov kev sib koom ua ke.
Qhov txawv ntawm Covalent Bond thiab Dative Bond yog dab tsi?
Ib daim ntawv cogalent yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj uas tsim thaum ob lub atoms sib koom ua ke electron. Ib daim ntawv cog lus dative yog ib hom ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas tsim thaum ib lub atom pub nws cov electron khub mus rau lwm lub atom. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv tsim. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus thiab dative daim ntawv cog lus yog covalent daim ntawv cog lus thaum unpaired electrons ntawm ob lub atoms koom nrog ib leeg whereas dative daim ntawv cog lus thaum lub atom pub ib tug ntawm nws cov electron khub mus rau lwm lub atom.
Cov hauv qab no qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus thiab daim ntawv cog lus dative hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Covalent Bond vs Dative Bond
Tom qab tsim daim ntawv cog lus, ob qho tib si covalent daim ntawv cog lus thiab dative daim ntawv cog lus zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv tsim. Qhov txawv ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus thiab dative daim ntawv cog lus yog tias covalent daim ntawv cog lus thaum unpaired electrons ntawm ob lub atoms koom nrog ib leeg whereas dative daim ntawv cog lus thaum lub atom pub ib tug ntawm nws cov electron khub mus rau lwm lub atom.
