Rocket vs Missile
Thaum tham txog foob pob hluav taws qhov kev xav yog tias lawv yog cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab cov tshuab nyuaj siv hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tshawb nrhiav chaw. Txawm tias cov no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog yuav luag zoo heev feats hauv tib neeg keeb kwm; foob pob hluav taws muaj ob qho tib si yooj yim thiab qub keeb kwm.
Hnub no lawv tau siv ntau hom kom tau txais ntau yam, nrawm nrawm, thiab nrawm. Missiles tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog daim ntawv thov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis.
Rocket
Feem ntau, lub tsheb uas siv lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws hu ua foob pob hluav taws. Lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws yog ib hom cav uas siv cov khoom siv khaws cia lossis lwm yam txhais tau tias los tsim lub dav hlau siab tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem nqa cov oxidizer lossis siv cov pa oxygen hauv qhov chaw. Lub tsheb tuaj yeem yog lub dav hlau, satellite, lossis txawm tias lub tsheb. Rockets ua haujlwm ntawm Newton txoj cai thib peb.
Cov foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Txawm hais tias Suav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws, daim ntawv siv hauv cov foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub tsis tau tsim los txog ntau tom qab.
Lub foob pob hluav taws thaum ntxov yog xyoob nrog rab phom khaws cia hauv. Cov no tau siv rau kev lom zem nrog rau riam phom. Nws paub tias cov foob pob hluav taws no tau raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm Mongol invaders los ntawm phab ntsa loj. Hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, cov no yog cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj zog, qhov twg cov phom yog phom.
Tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias Tsiokolvsky thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Robert H. Goddard tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub foob pob hluav taws tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov roj ua kua. Hauv WWII, lub foob pob hluav taws tau siv los ua riam phom nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Cov Germans tau tua cov khoom siv V2 foob pob hluav taws mus rau London. Txawm hais tias cov no tsis tau nqa lub taub hau loj los tsim kev puas tsuaj loj, qhov tshiab ntawm riam phom muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb loj. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, ob qho tib si qhov zoo thiab kev hem thawj ntawm cov foob pob nuclear siv los ua lub taub hau ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws no ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai hauv kev tshawb fawb foob pob hluav taws.
Ob chav foob pob hluav taws feem ntau siv tam sim no; cov no yog chemically powered rockets thiab hluav taws xob foob pob hluav taws. Ntawm ob chav kawm, chemically powered yog daim ntawv laus dua thiab tseem ceeb dua thiab siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si atmospheric thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Cov foob pob hluav taws uas siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog siv hauv chaw ua tub txib xwb.
Cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg siv roj lossis kua roj. Khoom propellants muaj peb yam tseem ceeb; roj, oxidizer, thiab tus neeg sawv cev khi. Roj yog feem ntau yog nitrogen-based compound, txhuas lossis magnesium hmoov, lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas hlawv sai sai kom tso tawm ntau lub zog. Lub oxidizer muab cov pa oxygen xav tau rau kev sib txuas thiab muab kev kub nyhiab thiab ceev. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, lub atmospheric oxygen kuj siv. Tus neeg sawv cev khi tuav cov roj thiab cov oxidizer ua ke. Ballistite thiab cordite yog ob hom khoom siv siv.
Cov roj ua kua tuaj yeem yog roj xws li roj av (lossis lwm yam hydrocarbon zoo sib xws) lossis hydrogen thiab cov oxidizer yog kua oxygen (LOX). Cov lus hais saum toj no yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev gaseous ntawm chav tsev kub; Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom txhawb nqa lawv hauv lub xeev ua kua. Cov roj no hu ua cryogenic fuels. Lub ntsiab foob pob hluav taws cav ntawm qhov chaw shuttles ua haujlwm siv roj cryogenic. Hypergolic fuels xws li Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) thiab hydrazine (N2H4), Mono Methyl Hydrazine (MMH), los yog Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) kuj siv. Cov roj no muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua thiab, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub xeev ua kua nrog kev siv zog tsawg dua rau lub sijhawm ntev. Monopropellants xws li hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, thiab nitrous oxide kuj siv.
Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj nws tus yam ntxwv; yog li ntawd, nws tus kheej muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thaum tsim cov tsheb, cov xwm txheej no raug coj mus rau hauv kev xav, thiab txhua theem yog tsim raws li. Piv txwv li, roj av tau siv nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws Apollo Saturn V, thiab kua hydrogen thiab kua oxygen tau siv rau qhov chaw shuttle.
Missile
Missiles yog lub tsheb siv los ntawm foob pob hluav taws, nqa lub taub hau. Thawj cov missiles niaj hnub no yog V2 foob pob ua ntxaij tsim los ntawm Germans.
Missiles raug cais los ntawm lub platform tso tawm, lub hom phiaj npaj, thiab kev taw qhia thiab kev taw qhia. Cov pawg yog Surface-to-Surface, Air-to-Surface, Surface-to-air, thiab anti-satellite missiles. Nyob ntawm txoj kev taw qhia, missiles yog categorized rau ballistic, cruise, thiab lwm yam. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem raug cais tawm siv lub hom phiaj npaj. Anti-ship, anti-tank, thiab anti-aircraft yog piv txwv rau cov pawg.
Ib leeg, cov pawg no tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub foob pob hluav taws uas muaj peev xwm hybrid; yog li ntawd, tsis tuaj yeem muab kev qhia meej meej.
Ib lub missile muaj plaub lub hauv paus subsystems; Kev taw qhia/Navigation/Targeting Systems, Flight systems, Rocket engine, and the Warhead.
Rocket vs Missile
• Lub foob pob hluav taws yog ib hom cav tsim los xa cov thrust los ntawm cov pa tawm siab los ntawm lub nozzle.
• Lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem ua tshuab, tshuaj, lossis hluav taws xob. Txawm tias thermonuclear propulsion tau npaj tab sis tsis siv. Tam sim no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
• Lub tsheb uas siv los ntawm foob pob hluav taws (tus kheej-propelled) nqa lub taub hau yog lub npe hu ua missile.
• Lub foob pob hluav taws tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub missile xwb.
