Qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA profile thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam caj ces yog DNA profileing yog txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab DNA tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sim cov pej xeem rau cov kab mob caj ces.
Gene tests kawm DNA sequences los txheeb xyuas qhov txawv ntawm cov noob uas ua rau lossis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm caj ces. Kev kuaj DNA kuj tseem pab txheeb xyuas tus kheej. Gene tests soj ntsuam ib tus neeg cov nucleotide ib ntus, noob, lossis DNA, uas yog hu ua genome. DNA profileing, tseem hu ua DNA ntiv tes, txheeb xyuas cov DNA tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg. Kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic kuaj cov pej xeem rau ib qho kab mob caj ces.
DNA Profileing yog dab tsi?
DNA profileing yog txheej txheem uas ib tus qauv DNA tshwj xeeb raug tshuaj xyuas hauv ib tus neeg los ntawm kev coj tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws yog cov txheej txheem forensic los txiav txim siab DNA tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg. DNA profileing kuj pab rau kev kuaj txiv neej, kev tshawb fawb caj ces thiab kev kho mob, thiab tsim kom muaj kev tsim nyog nkag tebchaws.
Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem hauv DNA profileing txheej txheem. Lawv yog DNA rho tawm, txwv tsis pub ncua ntev polymorphism (RFLP) tsom xam, polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (PCR) tsom xam, luv tandem repeats (STR) tsom xam, Y-chromosome tsom xam, thiab mitochondrial tsom xam. DNA rho tawm yog qhov twg DNA yog muab rho tawm siv cov ntshav los yog qaub ncaug qauv thiab purified. Ntawm no, cov cell thiab nuclear membranes yuav tsum tau tawg kom tso cai rau DNA kom dawb nyob rau hauv kev daws. DNA tseem nyob hauv cov qauv thaum cov tshuaj raug muab pov tseg lossis tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem no. Kev tshuaj xyuas RFFLP siv cov kev hloov pauv hauv homologous DNA sequences, uas yog hu ua polymorphisms. Lawv paub qhov txawv ntawm tib neeg lossis hom lossis nrhiav cov noob hauv DNA ib ntus.
Daim duab 01: RFLP Kev Ntsuam Xyuas hauv DNA Profileing
PCR tsom xam pab ua kom muaj ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm cov qauv DNA tshwj xeeb, uas tso cai rau cov qauv DNA me me kom nthuav dav rau qhov loj dua los kawm kom ntxaws. STR yog thaj chaw ntawm DNA tsis-coding uas muaj rov ua dua ntawm tib lub nucleotide ib ntus. Lawv pom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv los yog caj ces ntawm tus neeg lub DNA. Cov noob caj noob ces feem ntau txawv ntawm chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, nws pab txheeb xyuas cov qauv DNA tshwj xeeb ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Kev tsom xam Y-chromosome muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm caj ces ntawm cov txiv neej. Kev tshuaj ntsuam mitochondrial yog qhov twg mitochondrial DNA pab txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ib tus neeg.
Kev kuaj caj ces yog dab tsi?
Kev kuaj kab mob caj ces yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sim cov pej xeem rau cov kab mob caj ces txhawm rau txiav txim siab ib pawg neeg uas muaj tus kabmob lossis muaj peev xwm nqa nws mus ntxiv rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Nws yog ib hom kev ntsuam xyuas caj ces uas pab txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces xws li chromosomes, noob caj noob ces, lossis cov protein. Qee cov noob tau hloov pauv kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob. Kev tshuaj ntsuam noob caj noob ces pab txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv noob hauv ib tus neeg los txiav txim siab txog kev pheej hmoo thiab muab kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob.
Daim duab 02: Kev kuaj tshuaj ntsuam caj ces
Kev tshuaj ntsuam caj ces yog ob hom, thiab lawv yog kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg nqa khoom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej yug menyuam. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov neeg nqa khoom feem ntau pom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qee yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov kab mob uas siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los kuaj xyuas lawv yog cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, sickle cell anemia, thiab Tay-Sachs's disease. Kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic prenatal tsis yog kiag li; Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm qhov raug nyob ntawm qhov kev xeem mus kuaj. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog kev kuaj ntshav, ultrasounds, thiab kuaj DNA thiab feem ntau yog ua thaum lub sijhawm thib peb lossis thib ob ntawm cev xeeb tub. Downs' syndrome, Edwards's syndrome thiab lub hlwb los yog neural tube defects yog ob peb yam kab mob uas kuaj ntshav ua ntej kuaj pom.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm DNA profileing thiab Genetic kuaj?
- Kev kuaj noob caj noob ces, chromosomal thiab protein yog koom nrog hauv DNA profile thiab tshuaj ntsuam caj ces.
- Ob txheej txheem yuav tsum tau kuaj xws li ntshav, tawv nqaij, plaub hau, pob txha, thiab rau tes los ntawm ib tus neeg.
- Lawv koom nrog ntau hom kev lom neeg molecular.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm DNA Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam?
DNA profileing yog txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab DNA tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tus neeg, thaum kev tshuaj ntsuam caj ces yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sim cov pej xeem rau cov kab mob caj ces. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA profiling thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic. Ntxiv mus, DNA profiling txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv DNA siv cov qauv ntawm ib tug neeg, thaum nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic, cov yam ntxwv ntawm DNA ntawm ib tug pej xeem raug soj ntsuam.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA profileing thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – DNA Profiling vs Genetic Screening
DNA profileing thiab tshuaj ntsuam caj ces yog ob txoj hauv kev molecular. DNA profiling yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab DNA tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txheeb xyuas cov cim DNA qauv ntawm tus neeg. Hauv qhov sib piv, kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic screening yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sim cov pej xeem rau cov kab mob caj ces. DNA profileing feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem forensic siv los lees paub cov neeg ua txhaum cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb forensic. Kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic tshuaj yog siv los txiav txim rau ib pawg neeg uas muaj tus kab mob lossis muaj peev xwm nqa nws mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA profileing thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic.
