Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov ntsiab lus yog cov kab lus raug siv los qhia cov xwm txheej uas muaj tiag lossis tsis muaj tseeb, thaum lub ntsiab lus yog siv los qhia cov xwm txheej tsis tseeb.
Conditional thiab subjunctive yog cov lus qhia yooj yim cov qauv sau ntawv hauv txhua hom lus. Ob leeg feem ntau yog siv nrog cov xwm txheej hypothetical lossis xwm txheej uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim. Hauv lus Askiv, cov kab lus muaj cai feem ntau muaj lo lus 'yog'. Tab sis subjunctives tsis muaj cov cim zoo li no.
kab lus xwm txheej yog dab tsi?
Peb feem ntau siv cov kab lus raws cai los piav txog cov xwm txheej hypothetical. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm siv cov xwm txheej los piav txog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag thiab. Hauv lus Askiv, feem ntau cov kab lus raug cai muaj lo lus 'yog'. Ib tug conditional muaj ob clauses, lub ntsiab clause thiab lub dependent clause. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb qhia txog qhov tshwm sim los yog qhov tshwm sim, thaum lub ntsiab lus nyob ntawm qhov qhia txog qhov xwm txheej. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tseem hu ua qhov tshwm sim, thaum lub ntsiab lus nyob ntawm lub npe hu ua antecedent.
Cov kab lus xwm txheej feem ntau qhia txog ib yam uas cuam tshuam rau lwm yam txij li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus ua raws li cov lus nyob hauv. Feem ntau muaj ob hom kab lus muaj npe hu ua implicative thiab kwv yees.
Implicative Conditional Sentences
Qhov no tseem hu ua kab lus tseeb thiab qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam. Nws hais tias yog ib qho tshwm sim, ib yam li lwm tus. Cov kab lus no yog siv los qhia cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb, kev paub tseeb lossis txoj cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
Examples
- Yog hiav txwv cua daj cua dub, nthwv dej siab.
- Yog koj rhaub dej rau 100 degrees, nws boils.
Cov kab lus ua pov thawj xwm txheej
Cov kab lus no yog ua raws li qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Examples
- Yog koj pom tus yeeb ncuab, tua!
- Koj puas yuav mus rau tog yog nws caw koj?
Conditional Sentence Piv txwv – Yog tias nag hmo no, peb yuav nyob hauv tsev
Conditional Type 1 – for Probable Situations
"yog" + [Ib Simple Present], "yuav" + [Verb]
- Yog nag los nag ces koj yuav ntub.
- Yog koj tsis maj, koj yuav nco lub npav.
Hom 2 - rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo
"yog" +[Nyem dhau los], "yuav" + [Verb]
- Yog nag los nag ces koj yuav ntub.
- Yog koj mus pw ua ntej koj yuav tsis nkees.
Hom 3 - rau qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem
"yog" + [Past Perfect], "yuav muaj" + [Past Participle]
- Yog nag los nag ces koj yuav ntub.
- Yog koj tau ua haujlwm hnyav dua, koj yuav tau xeem dhau.
kab lus Subjunctive yog dab tsi?
Subjunctive kab lus yog siv los qhia qhov kev xav, tsis muaj tseeb lossis cov xwm txheej uas tsis tas yuav muaj tseeb xws li kev xav, kev xav, muaj peev xwm, kev xav, kev txiav txim lossis kev ua uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim. Tej xwm txheej uas siv cov kab lus no txawv ntawm hom lus.
Examples
- Yog kuv yog kuv yuav mus.
- Kuv xav tias nws yog tiag.
- Kuv thov nws ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub.
Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, 'yog' tau dhau los 'tau' thiab 'ua haujlwm' tau dhau los ua 'ua haujlwm.'
| Normal Form | Piv txwv li qub | Subjunctive Form | Subjunctive Piv txwv |
|
am, yog, yog (yuav nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no) |
Kuv npaj tau. Nws nyob ntawd. |
be |
Kuv thov kom kuv npaj. Kuv thov kom koj ua qhov tseeb. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws nyob ntawd. |
|
muaj (tus neeg thib peb ntawm qhov muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no) |
Nws muaj cib fim. | muaj | Kuv thov kom nws muaj sijhawm |
|
yog (thawj-tus neeg thiab tus neeg thib peb tus lej ntawm yuav nyob rau yav dhau los) |
Kuv yog dawb. Nws ua siab zoo. |
vim |
Yog kuv dawb, kuv yuav mus. Kuv xav kom nws ua siab zoo. |
|
npaj, ua haujlwm, hu nkauj, thiab lwm yam. (peb-tus-tus-cov lus qhia ua lus hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no, piv txwv li, ib qho xaus s) |
Nws ua pizza. |
npaj, ua haujlwm, hu nkauj, thiab lwm yam. (tshem tawm s) |
Kuv thov nws ua pizza. |
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cov Cai thiab Kev Sib Tham?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov ntsiab lus yog cov kab lus raug siv los qhia qee yam xwm txheej uas muaj tiag lossis tsis muaj tseeb, thaum subjunctive yog siv los qhia ntau yam xwm txheej ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb xws li kev xav, kev xav, muaj peev xwm, xav, kev txiav txim lossis kev txiav txim uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab kev sib txuas.
Summary – Conditional vs Subjunctive Sentences
Cov kab lus raug siv los qhia cov xwm txheej uas muaj tseeb lossis tsis muaj tseeb. Nws yog qhia los ntawm lo lus 'yog'. Nws muaj peb hom npe hu ua conditional type one (tej yam tshwm sim), ob (tsis zoo li qhov xwm txheej) thiab peb (qhov xwm txheej ua tsis tau). Cov kab lus subjunctive yog siv los qhia cov xwm txheej tsis tseeb lossis kev ua uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim, thiab nws tau qhia los ntawm lo lus 'xav'.'
