Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic yog hydrophilic txhais tau tias hlub dej thaum hydrophobic txhais tau tias dej-resistant.
"Hydro" txhais tau tias dej. Los ntawm thawj theem ntawm lub ntiaj teb evolution, dej yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no, dej npog ntau dua 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Txij li dej yog cov kuab tshuaj universal, nws koom nrog feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj inorganic compound nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nyob. Ntau tshaj 75% ntawm peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm dej. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov hlwb thiab ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab reactant. Dej yog qhov nruab nrab rau yuav luag txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm cov tebchaw los cuam tshuam nrog dej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qib ntawm lub peev xwm no tau piav qhia los ntawm ob nqe lus hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic.
Hydrophilic yog dab tsi?
Hydrophilic txhais tau tias nyiam dej. Cov dej yog ib tug polar molecule. Cov tshuaj hydrophilic yog cov khoom nyiam dej; yog li ntawd, lawv nyiam cuam tshuam nrog dej lossis lawv yaj hauv dej. Raws li cov kab lus "zoo li yaj zoo li" hais tias, kom cuam tshuam lossis yaj hauv lub ncov qaumteb qabteb zoo li dej, cov tshuaj hydrophilic yuav tsum yog polar. Yog hais tias muaj ib feem ntawm ib tug loj molecule uas yog polar, qhov kawg yuav nyiam dej. Piv txwv li, phospholipid molecules, uas tsim cov membrane ntawm lub cell, muaj ib pab pawg neeg hydrophilic phosphate. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov molecule tsis hydrophilic (qhov loj lipid ib feem ntawm cov molecule yog hydrophobic), lub taub hau phosphate yog hydrophilic; yog li nws cuam tshuam nrog dej.
Ntawm qhov sib piv rau cov molecules zoo li no, qee cov tshuaj muaj hydrophilic heev. Piv txwv li, ntsev thiab suab thaj nyiam dej yooj yim heev. Lawv txawm muaj peev xwm nyiam cov dej noo los ntawm huab cua, yog li thaum lawv raug huab cua lawv nyiam yaj thaum lub sij hawm. Qhov no tshwm sim spontaneously vim hais tias nws yog thermodynamically favourable. Cov tshuaj zoo li yaj hauv dej vim lawv tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj hydrophilic muaj cov nqi sib cais, uas ua rau lawv cov polar thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm hydrogen bonding nrog dej. Cov tshuaj hydrophilic yog siv los nqus dej thiab khaws cov khoom kom qhuav.
Hydrophobic yog dab tsi?
YHydrophobic yog qhov ntxeev ntawm hydrophilic. Raws li lub npe qhia, "hydro" txhais tau tias dej, thiab "phobic" txhais tau tias ntshai. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom uas tsis nyiam dej yog hu ua hydrophobic. Yog li ntawd, lawv tua cov dej molecules.
Cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar qhia txog tus cwj pwm zoo li no. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj hydrophobic nyiam cuam tshuam nrog lossis yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar xws li roj, hexane thiab lwm yam. Yog li, cov tshuaj hydrophobic tseem hu ua lipophilic (fat-hlub). Thaum cov tshuaj hydrophobic nyob hauv dej, lawv sib xyaw ua ke thiab tshem tawm cov dej molecules. Hydrophobic kuab tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cais cov dej-immiscible tshuaj los ntawm dej.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrophilic thiab Hydrophobic yog dab tsi?
Hydrophilic txhais tau tias hlub dej thaum hydrophobic txhais tau tias ntshai dej lossis dej-resistant. Yog li, cov tshuaj hydrophilic cuam tshuam nrog thiab yaj hauv dej, thaum cov tshuaj hydrophobic tsis qhia tus cwj pwm zoo li no. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj hydrophilic yog polar, thiab cov tshuaj hydrophobic tsis yog polar.
Summary – Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic yog hydrophilic txhais tau tias hlub dej thaum hydrophobic txhais tau tias dej-resistant. Yog li, cov tshuaj hydrophilic cuam tshuam nrog thiab yaj hauv dej, thaum cov tshuaj hydrophobic tsis ua.
Image Courtesy:
1. "0302 Phospholipid Bilayer" Los ntawm OpenStax - (CC BY 4.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
2. "Dej poob ntawm nplooj" Los ntawm Flickr tus neeg siv tanakawho - Flickr (CC BY 2.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
