Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hypermorph thiab neomorph yog tias hypermorph alleles tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam nrog kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv thaum neomorph alleles tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv tshiab.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov noob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov noob tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tib yam li cov tsiaj qus hom allele. Muaj ntau hom mutant alleles xws li amorph hypomorph, hypermorph, neomorph thiab antimorph. Hypermorph alleles tsim ntau yam khoom siv tib yam. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau ntxiv lossis los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom kom nws ua haujlwm tau zoo lossis ua haujlwm zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Neomorph alleles tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov haujlwm tshiab uas cov tsiaj qus hom allele tsis muaj. Ob qho kev hloov pauv yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas ua rau cov noob nce cov noob muaj nuj nqi lossis kom tau txais ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshiab.
YHypermorph yog dab tsi?
Hypermorph yog ib qho mutant allele uas tsim cov khoom lag luam tib yam. Tab sis, piv rau hom tsiaj qus, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua lossis muaj zog ntxiv. Nws yog ib hom kev nce ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv. Nws nce cov khoom kawg ntawm kev nce transcription lossis los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom kom ua tau zoo dua hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev qhia ntawm mRNA los yog protein nce nrog kev hwm rau cov tsiaj qus hom. Ntxiv mus, ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm hypermorphic tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj qib kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm hypermorphic, dominant alleles nyob rau hauv Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-12 ua rau ntau lub hlwb hloov mus rau lwm hom cell vim yog nce koob tshuaj.
Neomorph yog dab tsi?
Neomorph yog hom kev hloov pauv uas cov allele tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog lub luag haujlwm tshiab. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm txawv ntawm cov tsiaj qus hom allele muaj nuj nqi. Neomorphic gene mutation ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tshiab lossis kev ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tus qauv tshiab ntawm kev qhia gene. Zoo li hypermorphic kev hloov pauv, qhov kev hloov pauv neomorphic kuj yog qhov nce ntawm kev hloov pauv uas ua rau cov khoom hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Daim duab 01: Antennapedia Mutation
Hauv kev hloov pauv neomorphic, koob tshuaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau phenotype. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv neomorphic yog AntpNs kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm Antennapedia (Antp) noob los ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv hauv cov kav hlau txais xov ntawm Drosophila. Nobel Prize-winning geneticist, H. J. Muller thawj zaug piav txog cov neomorph hauv Drosophila xyoo 1932.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Hypermorph thiab Neomorph?
- Hypermorph thiab neomorph yog ob hom mutant.
- Ob leeg hypermorph thiab neomorph yog txuam nrog qhov nce ntawm cov noob muaj nuj nqi.
- Nyob hauv ob hom, alleles yuav luag ib txwm ua rau cov tsiaj qus allele.
- Mutant phenotypes qhia los ntawm ob qho kev hloov pauv hnyav dua hauv homozygous genotype.
- Hermann J. Muller tau piav qhia cov ntsiab lus hypermorph, neomorph thiab peb lwm hom kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hypermorph thiab Neomorph yog dab tsi?
Hypermorph yog qhov nce ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov noob muaj nuj nqi thaum neomorph yog qhov nce ntawm kev hloov pauv uas ua rau cov noob muaj nuj nqi tshiab. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hypermorph thiab neomorph. Ntxiv mus, hypermorphic kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov noob muaj nuj nqi whereas neomorphic kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tshiab.
Summary – Hypermorph vs Neomorph
Hypermorph thiab neomorph yog ob qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Hypermorph mutation ua rau muaj zog los yog ib txwm muaj cov noob ua haujlwm thaum neomorph kev hloov pauv ua rau cov noob hloov tshiab. Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv ntawm hypermorph qhia tau hais tias ntau dhau ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiaj li tsim cov noob caj noob ces. Ob qho tib si hypermorph thiab neomorph kev hloov pauv tsim cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm hypermorph thiab neomorph.
