Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ruthenium thiab rhodium yog tias ruthenium muaj xya electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub thaum rhodium muaj yim electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub.
Ob leeg ruthenium thiab rhodium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub sijhawm 5 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Tab sis lawv muaj cov lej atomic sib txawv; yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv raws li tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Ruthenium yog dab tsi?
Ruthenium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 44. Cov cim tshuaj rau ruthenium yog Ru, thiab nws yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv. Peb tuaj yeem pom ruthenium hauv pawg 8 thiab lub sijhawm 5 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho d thaiv cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no yog [Kr]4d75s1 Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab, qhov no Tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom thiab nws muaj ib tug heev melting point (kwv yees li 2300 Celsius) thiab ib tug kub kub point (kwv yees li 4400 Celsius). Qhov feem ntau thiab ruaj khov oxidation xeev ntawm ruthenium yog +3 thiab +4. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov oxide me me.
Ruthenium ib txwm tshwm sim hauv nws lub xeev thawj. Cov khoom no zoo nkaus li ib qho polyvalent tawv dawb hlau. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom ruthenium yog hexagonal kaw-packed qauv. Ntxiv mus, ruthenium muaj unpaired electrons, uas ua rau nws paramagnetic. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, ruthenium tsuas muaj ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob thaum tag nrho lwm pawg 8 lub ntsiab lus muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ruthenium.
Rhodium yog dab tsi?
Rhodium yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg atomic 45. Cov cim tshuaj ntawm cov khoom no yog Rh. Nws yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv hlau uas yog nyob rau hauv pawg 9 thiab lub sijhawm 5 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Rhodium tshwm raws li ib tug silvery-dawb hlau. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hlau uas yog corrosion-resistant thiab chemically inert. Yog li ntawd, peb muaj peev xwm faib nws raws li ib tug noble hlau. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho tshwm sim ib txwm muaj isotope ntawm rhodium (Rh-103). Peb tuaj yeem pom cov hlau no ib txwm ua cov hlau dawb vim nws qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim raws li cov alloy nrog cov hlau zoo sib xws, thiab nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim raws li cov tshuaj sib xyaw hauv cov zaub mov. E.g. bowiet ua. Qhov feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm rhodium yog +3. Nws tuaj yeem tsim amphoteric oxides.
Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm rhodium, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab hauv nws lub xeev, rhodium muaj lub ntsej muag-centered cubic crystal qauv. Cov hlau no yog paramagnetic vim hais tias nws muaj unpaired electrons. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog siab heev (kwv yees li 1900 thiab 3600 Celsius, feem).
Rhodium yog cov hlau tawv uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam siab. Feem ntau, nws tsis tsim oxides txawm tias thaum cua sov. Nws tuaj yeem nqus cov pa oxygen tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw cia ntawm cov hlau. Thaum solidification, qhov no absorbed oxygen yog tso tawm tag nrho. Feem ntau cov kua qaub tsis tuaj yeem tua cov hlau rhodium. E.g. insoluble hauv nitric acid.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ruthenium thiab Rhodium yog dab tsi?
Ruthenium yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj tus lej atomic 44 thaum rhodium yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 45. Ob qho tib si yog lub sijhawm 5 lub ntsiab lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ruthenium thiab rhodium yog tias ruthenium muaj xya electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub thaum rhodium muaj yim electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub.
Cov lus hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus kom pom qhov txawv ntawm ruthenium thiab rhodium.
Summary – Ruthenium vs Rhodium
Ob leeg ruthenium thiab rhodium nyob rau tib lub sijhawm hauv lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis lawv nyob hauv ntau pawg vim lawv muaj cov lej sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ruthenium thiab rhodium yog tias ruthenium muaj xya electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub thaum rhodium muaj yim electrons nyob rau sab nraud d electron plhaub.
