Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov nyhuv fwj yog tias tus tsim cov nyhuv tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me hauv cov pej xeem sib cais tawm ntawm cov neeg qub thiab tsim ib qho tshiab, thaum lub fwj tshuaj tshwm sim thaum cov pej xeem cog lus zoo rau hauv me me vim muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj xws li av qeeg, dej nyab thiab hluav taws.
Txiv neej drift yog ib qho tshwm sim uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg me thiab tsis zoo li tshwm sim hauv cov neeg coob. Yeej, nws tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv hauv allele zaus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ploj ntawm qee cov noob los ntawm cov neeg me. Thaum kawg, genetic drift ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov caj ces tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov neeg. nws kuj ua rau qhov ploj ntawm qee cov noob variants tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis tshua muaj alleles ua ntau zaus dua ua ntej thiab txawm tias ruaj. Muaj ob hom genetic drift raws li lub bottleneck effect thiab founder effect. Lawv ua rau cov pejxeem txo qis heev.
Cov nyhuv Founder yog dab tsi?
Tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov caj ces drift uas tshwm sim vim yog colonization. Nws tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me tau sib cais los ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj ib cheeb tsam.
Daim duab 01: Founder Effect
Thaum tawg tawm ntawm cov neeg qub, nws yuav muaj qhov sib txawv allele ntau dua li cov neeg qub. Yog li, lub colony tshiab tsis sawv cev rau tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces ntau haiv neeg ntawm thawj cov pejxeem. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv pawg neeg tsim.
Cov nyhuv Bottleneck yog dab tsi?
Cov nyhuv Bottleneck yog qhov tshwm sim thib ob uas ua rau muaj caj ces nyob hauv cov neeg me. Hauv qhov tshwm sim no, vim muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, cov pej xeem cog lus rau me me. Feem ntau ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm cov pejxeem tuag vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, ua rau poob ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv cov pejxeem. Tom qab ntawd kev yug me nyuam tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg uas tseem tshuav, ua rau lawv muaj ntau dua hauv cov pejxeem. Thaum kawg, nws ua rau txo qis ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
Daim duab 02: Bottleneck Effect
Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov tsis zoo uas muaj qhov nqaim ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov pejxeem. Tej zaum nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thaum ntsib kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig thiab kab mob.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Founder Effect thiab Bottleneck Effect?
- Tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab lub raj mis caj dab yog cov piv txwv loj ntawm cov caj ces drift.
- Lawv muaj feem yuav tshwm sim hauv cov neeg me.
- Ob leeg hloov allele frequencies los ntawm lub caij nyoog.
- Lawv txo kev sib txawv ntawm caj ces thiab tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwj xeeb.
- Ob leeg nce qhov tshwm sim ntawm inbreeding.
- Qee alleles ploj tag los ntawm cov pejxeem vim ob qhov xwm txheej.
- Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo lossis kho cov teeb meem allele hauv cov pejxeem.
- Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Founder Effect thiab Bottleneck Effect yog dab tsi?
Tus tsim txiaj tshwm sim vim yog kev sib cais ntawm ib pawg me me ntawm cov tib neeg los ntawm cov pej xeem loj los tsim ib pawg neeg. Lub caij no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub hwj chim tshwm sim vim qhov kev cog lus ntawm cov pej xeem mus rau hauv ib qho me me raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tua cov neeg feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov nyhuv hauv lub cev.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov nyhuv fwj.
Summary – Founder Effect vs Bottleneck Effect
Genetic drift yog ib lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv uas allele zaus ntawm cov pejxeem hloov pauv ntau tiam neeg. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov nyhuv hauv lub cev. Tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm genetic drift nyob rau hauv uas ib pab pawg me tawg tawm ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj ib cheeb tsam. Lub caij no, qhov cuam tshuam hauv lub cev yuav tshwm sim thaum cov pej xeem sib cog lus rau me me vim muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab tua cov neeg feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov nyhuv bottleneck. Ob qho tib si tus tsim cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub cev ua rau txo qis cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov pej xeem. Yog li, ob qho tib si txo qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
