Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov caj ces drift yog tias tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm caj ces drift nyob rau hauv uas ib pawg me me cais los ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb los tsim ib pawg neeg thaum genetic drift yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm allele frequencies. Hauv cov neeg me uas ua rau ploj ntawm cov noob tshwj xeeb nrog lub sijhawm.
Evolution yog tus txheej txheem uas piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom muaj sia nyob rau ntau tiam neeg. Evolution vam khom rau tej yam ntuj tso xaiv thiab genetic drift. Vim yog kev xaiv ntuj, cov yam ntxwv zoo nyob hauv cov pej xeem thaum cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo ploj zuj zus los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm. Ib yam li ntawd, genetic drift ua rau random hloov nyob rau hauv allele frequencies nyob rau hauv me me pejxeem, vim muaj lub caij nyoog ploj ntawm cov genes vim tuag los yog tsis txhob muaj me nyuam. Founder effect thiab bottleneck effect yog ob qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov caj ces.
Cov nyhuv Founder yog dab tsi?
Tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm caj ces drift uas tshwm sim vim yog colonization. Nws tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me tau sib cais los ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj ib cheeb tsam.
Daim duab 01: Founder Effect
Thaum tawg tawm ntawm thawj cov pej xeem, pawg tshiab tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv allele ntau dua li cov neeg qub. Yog li lub colony tshiab tsis sawv cev rau tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov neeg qub. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv pawg neeg tsim.
Dab tsi yog Genetic Drift?
Txiv neej drift yog ib qho tshwm sim uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg me thiab tsis zoo li tshwm sim hauv cov neeg coob. Yeej, nws tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv hauv allele frequencies. Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev ploj ntawm qee cov noob los ntawm cov neeg me vim tuag lossis tsis ua kom rov ua dua tshiab. Thaum kawg, genetic drift ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tsawg dua thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov neeg. Ntxiv mus, nws ua rau ploj ntawm qee cov noob variants tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis tshua muaj alleles ua ntau zaus dua li ua ntej thiab txawm tias kho.
Daim duab 02: Genetic Drift
Txiv neej drift yog ob hom: lub raj mis caj dab nyhuv thiab tus tsim cov nyhuv. Lawv ua rau cov neeg txo qis heev. Lub raj mis caj dab tshwm sim thaum cov pej xeem sib cog lus loj rau hauv qhov me me. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj xws li av qeeg, dej nyab, hluav taws kub. Hauv qhov sib piv, tus tsim tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me hauv cov pej xeem sib cais tawm ntawm cov pej xeem qub thiab tsim ib qho tshiab.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Founder Effect thiab Genetic Drift?
- Tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho piv txwv loj ntawm caj ces drift.
- Ob tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov caj ces muaj feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg me.
- Ob leeg hloov allele frequencies los ntawm lub caij nyoog.
- Lawv txo cov noob caj noob ces.
- Qee alleles ploj tag los ntawm cov pejxeem vim ob qhov xwm txheej.
- Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo lossis kho cov teeb meem allele hauv cov pejxeem.
- Tab sis ob qho tib si yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Founder Effect thiab Genetic Drift yog dab tsi?
Tus tsim cov nyhuv yog ib qho piv txwv loj ntawm caj ces drift. Nws tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me tau sib cais los ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb thiab ua kom muaj pawg neeg tshiab. Genetic drift yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm allele zaus dhau ib tiam vim muaj caij nyoog. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov caj ces drift. Ntxiv mus, tus tsim cov nyhuv yog feem ntau yog los ntawm colonization, thaum genetic drift tuaj yeem yog vim kev colonization nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim.
Summary – Founder Effect vs Genetic Drift
Txiv neej drift yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv kev hloov pauv uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov zaus ntawm cov neeg me me dhau sijhawm. Muaj ob qhov kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm caj ces drift. Ib qho yog tus tsim cov nyhuv. Tus tsim tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum ib pab pawg me cais tawm ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb mus rau colonize. Vim yog tawg tawm ntawm cov pej xeem tseem ceeb, cov colony uas tsim tshiab qhia tau hais tias sib txawv allele zaus thiab txo ntau haiv neeg. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus tsim cov nyhuv thiab cov caj ces drift.
