Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Cytoplasmic Inheritance vs Genetic Maternal Effect
Chromosomal DNA yog lub tsev khaws khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces hauv lub xovtooj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab phenotype ntawm ib tug xeeb ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee zaus qhov phenotype ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv zoo ib yam li niam txiv phenotype tsis hais txog kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig lossis genotype nws dais. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj DNA sab nraum lub nucleus uas pab txiav txim siab qhov phenotype ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias nws yog vim muaj ob lub phenomena hu ua cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg thiab caj ces niam cov nyhuv. Txawm hais tias chromosomes faib ncaj qha rau hauv gametes thaum lub sij hawm meiosis, cytoplasm ntawm gametes tsis sau meej rau hauv zygote. Cytoplasmic inheritance thiab noob caj noob ces tshwm sim vim muaj kev koom tes ntawm ntau cytoplasm los ntawm poj niam gamete mus rau hauv lub resultant zygote thaum lub syngamy. Txawm li cas los xij, cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm niam txiv yog txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm niam txiv yog tias cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg tshwm sim vim cov ntaub ntawv caj ces khaws cia hauv cov noob ntawm qee cov organelles xws li mitochondria thiab chloroplasts tam sim no hauv cytoplasm thaum noob caj noob ces tshwm sim vim mRNA thiab cov proteins tau txais los ntawm poj niam gamete..
Cytoplasmic Inheritance yog dab tsi?
Mitochondria thiab chloroplast yog ob lub organelles tam sim no hauv cov hlwb uas muaj cov DNA uas tsis yog chromosomal DNA. Cov organellar DNA no nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej lossis koom tes nrog cov DNA (chromosomal DNA). Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam los ntawm extrachromosomal / cytoplasmic / organelle DNA yog hu ua cytoplasmic inheritance. Muaj ntau tus piv txwv uas qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm cytoplasmic DNA hauv kev tswj hwm kev xeeb tub ntawm cov kab mob. Li no, lawv tseem hu ua cytoplasmic heredity units lossis cytoplasmic genes.
Cov noob ntshav plasma no feem ntau tau txais los ntawm lub qe cytoplasm es tsis yog cov phev cytoplasm. Yog li ntawd, cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub tes yog suav tias yog ib tug niam txiv qub txeeg qub teg tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam rau cov cim xeeb. Txawm hais tias cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg pab txiav txim siab cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv, kev sib txuas sib txuas tsis ua rau tib yam phenotypes.
Daim duab 01: Mitochondria thiab Chloroplast
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm poj niam yog dab tsi?
Cov txiaj ntsig Niam yog qhov xwm txheej uas txiav txim siab qhov phenotype ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm genotype ntawm nws niam, ywj siab ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv genotype thiab ib puag ncig cuam tshuam. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov txiaj ntsig niam yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm niam txiv genotype ntawm phenotype ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv tsis hais nws genotype. Nws tshwm sim vim qhov tshwj xeeb mRNA thiab cov proteins muab los ntawm leej niam mus rau zygote thaum lub sij hawm embryo txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob, lub embryo yog pib inactive rau transcription. Yog li, kev muab cov mRNA thiab cov proteins los ntawm leej niam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov nyhuv ntawm leej niam tsis tshwm sim vim yog cov kab mob sib txawv. Nws tshwm sim tag nrho vim cov molecules tau txais los ntawm niam cov khoom. Vim cov kev cuam tshuam niam txiv no, ob tug xeeb ntxwv tej zaum yuav txawv phenotypically ntawm ib leeg txawm tias lawv muaj tib lub genotype. Ib tug yuav zoo li niam txiv.
Cov khoom ntawm cytoplasm feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Yog li, cov txiaj ntsig niam txiv nyob ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
Cov txiaj ntsig niam yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv ecology thiab evolution. Nws pab txhawb rau pej xeem dynamics, phenotypic plasticity, niche siv, lub neej-keeb kwm evolution thiab natural xaiv.
Daim duab 02: Kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam rau niam txiv recessive mutation
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Cytoplasmic Inheritance thiab Genetic Maternal Effect?
Cytoplasmic Inheritance vs Genetic Maternal Effect |
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| Cytoplasmic inheritance yog qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov yam ntxwv vim cov ntaub ntawv caj ces khaws cia hauv cytoplasmic DNA lossis organelle DNA. | Txoj kev xeeb leej xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yog qhov tshwm sim uas cov xeeb ntxwv raug txiav txim los ntawm leej niam yam xws li mRNA thiab cov proteins. |
| Cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov noob tau txais los ntawm mitochondria, chloroplasts lossis ib qho kab mob sib kis zoo li tus kab mob. | Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm niam txiv yog tshwm sim los ntawm mRNA lossis cov protein tau txais los ntawm niam lub qe. |
| Kev koom tes ntawm Organelles | |
| Cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg yog koom nrog hauv cov kab mob tseem ceeb xws li chloroplasts thiab mitochondria. | Ntxhais niam txiv cuam tshuam tsis cuam tshuam nrog organelles. |
| Kev vam meej ntawm Nuclear Genes | |
| Cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg tsis yog nyob ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. | Txoj kev xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm niam txiv tuaj yeem lossis tsis nyob ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. |
| Ntxhais caj ces | |
| Cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg yog vim muaj cov noob caj noob ces. | Txoj kev xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yog vim cov khoom siv noob tab sis tsis yog vim cov noob caj noob ces. |
Summary – Cytoplasmic Inheritance vs Genetic Maternal Effect
Chromosomal DNA yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm ib lub xovtooj. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub cellular organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) muaj DNA uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Qee cov khoom lag luam niam txiv hauv cytoplasm kuj tseem koom nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Cytoplasmic inheritance thiab genetic niam cov nyhuv yog ob qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Ob qhov xwm txheej no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov noob los yog cov yam ntxwv tau txais los ntawm niam lub qe mus rau zygote. Cov nyhuv ntawm niam yog tshwm sim los ntawm mRNA thiab cov proteins (cov khoom lag luam) tau txais los ntawm cytoplasm ntawm niam lub qe. Cytoplasmic inheritance yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces hauv mitochondria lossis chloroplasts lossis kab mob kis. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub teg thiab caj ces niam cov nyhuv. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm niam txiv yam tsis hais nws tus kheej genotype thiab cov noob vim yog ob qho xwm txheej no.
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