Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Apoptosis vs Pyroptosis
Apoptosis thiab pyroptosis yog cell tuag mechanisms pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob eukaryotic. Apoptosis yog ib qho tshwm sim, kev tiv thaiv kev tua tus kheej ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau cov kab mob, uas yog tswj hwm thiab tsis muaj teeb meem vim nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov cell lysis sai. Pyroptosis yog ib qho proinflammatory programmed cell tuag los ntawm cell lysis ua raws li ib tug aggressive activation ntawm inflammatory caspase 1. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm apoptosis thiab pyroptosis.
Apoptosis yog dab tsi?
Kev faib cell thiab kev tuag ntawm tes yog tswj hwm hauv ntau cov kab mob. Apoptosis yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov hlwb tsis xav tau raug programmed cell tuag. Nws yog ib tug genetic conserved cell suicide mechanism tua los ntawm lub cell nws tus kheej (intracellular). Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev loj hlob ib txwm, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg homeostasis thiab ua haujlwm hauv cov kab mob multicellular. Cov ntaub so ntswg yuav rov qab nrog cov hlwb tshiab thaum lawv tshem tawm cov hlwb uas tsis xav tau, puas thiab puas tsuaj los ntawm apoptosis. Apoptosis tsis ua mob rau cov ntaub so ntswg los yog cov hlwb zoo li necrosis. Nyob rau hauv ib tug loj hlob los yog ib tug neeg laus, ib tug zoo kawg li xov tooj ntawm cov hlwb tuag ib teev los ntawm apoptosis. Piv txwv li, ntau lab lub hlwb hauv cov hnyuv thiab cov pob txha ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv tuag hauv ib teev. Nws tau hais tias rau tus neeg laus nruab nrab, 50 txog 70 billion hlwb tuag ib hnub.
Apoptosis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xwm txheej biochemical sib txawv, ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cell morphology thiab kev tuag ntawm tes. Qhov kawg ntawm lub cell tuag yuav ua raws li cov xwm txheej xws li cell shrinkage, cell fragmentation, nuclear envelope disassembly, cytoskeleton collapse, apoptotic body release and engulfment of apoptotic body, etc. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no yuav raug tswj hwm los ntawm cov enzymes proteolytic hu ua caspases. Cov enzymes no tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg loj: killer proteins, rhuav tshem cov proteins, thiab engulfment proteins.
Multicellular kab mob muaj ob txoj hauv kev apoptosis; intrinsic (mitochondrial txoj kev) thiab extrinsic (kev tuag receptor txoj kev) raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 01. Txoj kev intrinsic yog pib nyob rau hauv lub cell los ntawm mitochondrial txheej xwm uas ua rau ntau haiv neeg uas tsis yog-receptor mediated stimuli ua rau cell tuag. Extrinsic txoj kev tshwm sim thaum lub extracellular tuag ligands khi nrog kev tuag receptors thiab induce lub caspase kev ua ub no ua rau cell tuag. Ob txoj hauv kev thaum kawg ua rau kev tuag ntawm tes tsis tuaj yeem.
Apoptosis tseem ceeb heev hauv kev rhuav tshem cov hlwb oncogenic kom tiv thaiv kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav.
Figure_1: Apoptosis Process
YPyroptosis yog dab tsi?
Pyroptosis yog hais txog qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes tuag los tseem hu ua caspase 1 - kev tuag ntawm tes. Qhov no yog hom kev tuag sai sai ntawm tes, uas tau tsav los ntawm cov kab mob pathological xws li kab mob microbial, mob qog noj ntshav, mob stroke thiab plawv nres. Nws tau raug txheeb xyuas tsis ntev los no thiab txawv ntawm apoptosis vim nws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov yam ntxwv, thiab cov txiaj ntsig. Caspase 1 yog lub ntsiab enzyme uas paub txog qhov tuag taus thiab ua rau cov cytokines inflammatory ua rau cov plasma membrane rupture dheev thiab tso tawm cov ntsiab lus proinflammatory ua rau cov cell tuag sai raws li qhia hauv daim duab 02.
Figure_2: Pyroptosis Process
Qhov txawv ntawm Apoptosis thiab Pyroptosis yog dab tsi?
Apoptosis vs Pyroptosis |
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| Apoptosis yog ib qho tshwm sim, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tua tus kheej ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau cov kab mob, uas tau tswj hwm zoo. | Pyroptosis yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cell tuag los ntawm cell lysis ua raws li kev ua kom nruj ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory caspase 1. |
| Cell Architecture | |
| Qhov no ua rau muaj cov xwm txheej morphological thiab biochemical ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cell architecture. | Cell architecture tsis hloov. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev tsim cov ntsiab lus inflammatory, rupture ntawm plasma membrane thiab cell lysis. |
| Authority | |
| Apoptosis yog ib qho programmed heev, tsis muaj kev mob tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim hauv kev ua kom zoo. | Pyroptosis yog ib hom mob hnyav heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes tuag. |
| Neighboring Cells | |
| txheej txheem no tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg nyob sib ze. | Cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm pyroptosis. |
| Cell Lysis | |
| Cells tsis lysed. | Cells yog lysed. |
| Apoptotic cev vs Inflammatory Content | |
| Apoptotic lub cev yog tsim thiab tshem tawm los ntawm phagocytosis. | Cov ntsiab lus mob tau tso tawm rau ib puag ncig. |
| Kev koom tes ntawm Enzyme Caspase 1 | |
| txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam caspase 1. | Main enzyme yog caspase 1. |
| Enzymes koom nrog hauv txheej txheem | |
| Qhov no suav nrog caspase 3, caspase 6, caspase 7 thiab caspase 8 | Qhov no suav nrog caspase 1, caspase 4 thiab caspase 5. |
Summary – Apoptosis vs Pyroptosis
Muaj cov txheej txheem tuag ntawm tes sib txawv pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov kab mob xws li apoptosis, necrosis, thiab pyroptosis. Apoptosis yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv caj ces, tsis muaj mob, ua haujlwm siab ntawm tes tua tus kheej cov txheej txheem catalyzed los ntawm cov enzymes proteolytic, ua rau cov cell tuag zoo tom qab los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cell architecture. Pyroptosis yog lwm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tua tus kheej ntawm tes uas yog proinflammatory thiab ua rau rupture ntawm lub plasma membrane thiab cell lysis tom qab ua kom inflammasomes los ntawm cov kab mob microbial.
