Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome yog qhov prokaryotic genome muaj nyob rau hauv cytoplasm thaum eukaryotic genome kaw nyob rau hauv lub nucleus.
Genome yog hais txog tag nrho cov khoom ntawm DNA ntawm ib yam kabmob. Hauv lwm lo lus, genome yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob muaj cov genome ua los ntawm DNA. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov genomes yog RNA raws. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab mob muaj RNA genomes. Thaum xav txog tag nrho cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev, nws tsis suav nrog cov noob nkaus xwb lossis cov txheej txheem coding. Nws suav nrog ob hom noob thiab tsis-encoding sequences ntawm DNA.
Vim cov ntaub ntawv caj ces nyob rau hauv cov genome hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob, cov noob tau txais kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus txhawm rau tsim cov protein. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev cia thiab rov ua dua ntawm ob lub genomes kuj txawv ntawm cov prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Tab sis cov qauv ntawm DNA tseem zoo ib yam (Double Helix) hauv ob lub cev. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome mus nrog lub koom haum cellular ntawm cov kab mob thiab qhov twg cov genome nyob.
Prokaryotic Genome yog dab tsi?
Prokaryotes yog cov kab mob unicellular yooj yim uas tsis muaj cov kab mob sib txuas ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lub cev me me thiab cov genomes me. Feem ntau, prokaryotic genomes muaj ib lossis ntau dua DNA molecule. Tsuas yog lawv muaj ib qho chromosome uas ntab hauv cytoplasm. Sib nrug los ntawm ib qho chromosome no, qee cov kab mob muaj cov DNA ntxiv-chromosomal hu ua plasmids. Plasmids tsis yog genomic DNA. Lawv yog cov khoom siv DNA molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, plasmids muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau cov kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov me me ncig DNA molecules uas muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, plasmids ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tseem ceeb vectors nyob rau hauv lub recombinant DNA technology.
Daim duab 01: Prokaryotic Cell thiab Genome
Vim lawv qhov me me, prokaryotic genome feem ntau muaj cov lej coding (exons). Tab sis, nws tsis muaj introns thiab rov ua ntu zus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob prokaryotic muaj nyob ua pawg uas tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus neeg txhawb nqa. Thiab tseem, qhov no ib leeg chromosome yog ncig thiab kov nrog cell membrane los ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus. Raws li txoj cai, prokaryotic genome yog compact dua eukaryotic genome. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov noob.
Eukaryotic Genome yog dab tsi?
Eukaryotes yog cov kab mob uas muaj cov nucleus thiab cov cell organelles. Lawv muaj cov cellular compartments uas ua haujlwm sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotes, peb tuaj yeem pom eukaryotic genome uas muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau, eukaryotic genome tshwm sim raws li cov kab chromosomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA molecules ua ke nrog histone proteins ua cov chromosomes. Hauv tib neeg genome, muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes hauv txhua lub cell. Nuclear membrane encloses tag nrho cov chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tuaj yeem mus rau cytoplasm ntawm tes tshwj tsis yog tias lawv dhau los ua mRNA molecules. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv eukaryotes, mitochondria thiab chloroplasts muaj qee cov DNA molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis yog genomic DNA.
Daim duab 02: Eukaryotic Genome
Eukaryotic genome tsis tshua muaj kev cog lus, thiab nws muaj cov kab lus rov ua dua ntxiv nrog rau ntau yam tsis-coding xws li introns thiab spacer DNA. Nrog rau kev sib piv rau cov genome prokaryotic, lub eukaryotic genome loj dua thiab muaj ntau txhiab tus khub hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ntau cov noob nrog ntau daim ntawv luam.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic genome?
- Ob leeg Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic Genome muaj DNA molecules.
- Genomes ua haujlwm khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ob hom kab mob.
- Tsis tas li, ob lub genomes muaj cov noob.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si raug sau thiab txhais lus.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob lub genomes duplicate thiab qub txeeg qub teg rau lwm tiam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Prokaryotic thiab Eukaryotic Genome yog dab tsi?
Cov kab mob yog ob hom prokaryotes lossis eukaryotes. Prokaryotes muaj lub koom haum ntawm tes yooj yim thaum eukaryotes muaj lub koom haum cell complex. Zoo ib yam li ntawd, prokaryotic genome yog me me thiab tsis yooj yim dua piv rau eukaryotic genome. Raws li txoj cai, prokaryotic genome txwv rau ib qho chromosome thaum eukaryotic genome muaj ntau cov chromosomes. Qhov no yog ib qho txawv ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome yog qhov prokaryotic genome muaj nyob rau hauv cytoplasm thaum lub genome eukaryotic muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xav txog qhov loj ntawm genome, prokaryotic genome yog me dua li ntawm eukaryotic genome. Ntxiv mus, hais txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, eukaryotic genome muaj ntau cov DNA rov ua dua, introns, thiab spacer DNA uas tsis nyob hauv prokaryotic genome.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov tseeb ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome.
Summary – Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Genome
Prokaryotes yog ob hom xws li kab mob thiab archaea. Ntawm qhov tod tes, eukaryotes suav nrog cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, fungi, algae thiab protozoa. Prokaryotes tsis muaj membrane-bound organelles xws li cov nucleus, mitochondria, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, eukaryotes muaj nws sab hauv compartments uas cais los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Raws li cov kev sib txawv no hauv lub koom haum cellular, prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genomes kuj txawv ntawm ib leeg. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome yog tias prokaryotic genome ntab hauv cytoplasm thaum lub genome eukaryotic tiv thaiv hauv lub nucleus. Tsis tas li ntawd, prokaryotic genome yog ntau compact thiab tsis muaj repetitive DNA, introns, thiab spacer DNA piv rau eukaryotic genome. Hauv qhov sib piv, eukaryotic genome muaj ntau cov noob, ntau dua DNA thiab introns. Li no, qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic genome.
