Qhov txawv ntawm monocentric dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes yog tias monocentric chromosomes muaj ib centromere, thiab dicentric chromosomes muaj ob centromeres thaum polycentric chromosomes muaj ntau tshaj ob centromeres.
Chromosomes yog cov qauv zoo li xov uas muaj DNA thiab histone proteins. Chromatids, centromeres, chromomeres thiab telomeres yog cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov chromosome. Lub centromere yog qhov pom kev ntawm constriction nyob rau hauv chromosome uas koom nrog tus muam chromatids ua ke. Lub centromere tseem ceeb heev vim nws yog chromosomal locus qhov twg lub kinetochore yog tsim, thiab microtubules txuas thaum lub sij hawm cell faib. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm centromeres, chromosomes yog ntau hom. Monocentric chromosomes tsuas muaj ib lub centromere xwb. Dicentric chromosomes muaj ob centromeres thaum polycentric chromosomes muaj ntau tshaj ob centromeres. Acentric chromosomes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj centromere.
Dab tsi yog Monocentric Chromosomes?
Monocentric chromosomes tsuas muaj ib lub centromere xwb. Lawv yog hom chromosomes ntau tshaj plaws. Hom chromosome no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm centromere, muaj ntau hom monocentric chromosomes.
Daim duab 01: Monocentric Chromosome
Monocentric chromosome tuaj yeem paub tias yog acrocentric thaum lub centromere nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm chromosome. Nws tuaj yeem hu ua metacentric thaum lub centromere nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm chromosome. Hauv telecentric chromosomes, lub centromere muaj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam telomere.
Dab tsi yog Dicentric Chromosomes?
Dicentric chromosomes yog chromosomes uas muaj ob centromeres. Ob lub centromeres no muaj nyob hauv caj npab ntawm chromosome. Lawv yog ib hom kev txawv txav ntawm chromosomes. Dicentric chromosomes yog tsim thaum ob chromosomal ntu nrog ib lub centromere hauv txhua qhov sib koom ua ke mus txog qhov kawg. Thaum fusion, lawv poob lawv cov acentric chromosomal ntu, ua rau tsim cov dicentric chromosomes. Yog li ntawd, dicentric chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm genome rearrangements. Kev tsim tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ob chromosomes.
Daim duab 02: Dicentric Chromosome
Qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm dicentric chromosome txawv. Lawv feem ntau tsis ruaj khov. Ib qho dicentric chromosome uas yog ib txwm ruaj khov tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv mov. Qee lub sij hawm dicentric chromosomes muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov pejxeem. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua tiav kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub centromere. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm centromere; Yog li ntawd, lawv ua tiav cais thaum lub sij hawm mitosis thiab meiosis. Txawm li cas los xij, dicentric chromosomes hauv tib neeg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev yug me nyuam thiab kev ua me nyuam txawv txav.
Dab tsi yog Polycentric Chromosomes?
Polycentric chromosomes yog cov chromosomes uas muaj ntau lub centromeres lossis ntau tshaj ob lub centromeres. Kev tsim ntawm polycentric chromosomes tshwm sim vim chromosomal aberrations xws li tshem tawm, duplication, los yog translocation. Polycentric chromosomes feem ntau ua rau cell tuag. Polycentric chromosomes tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv cov ncej sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm faib cell. Thaum lawv tsis txav mus los, lawv tau tawg, ua rau cov cell tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee yam kab mob xws li algae tshwj xeeb hauv Spirogyra, polycentric chromosomes tshwm sim ib txwm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Monocentric Dicentric thiab Polycentric Chromosomes yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm monocentric dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes yog tus naj npawb ntawm centromeres tam sim no hauv txhua hom. Monocentric chromosomes muaj ib lub centromere thaum dicentric chromosomes muaj ob centromers thiab polycentric chromosomes muaj ntau tshaj ob centromeres. Monocentric chromosomes muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, thaum dicentric thiab polycentric yog txawv txav ntawm chromosomes.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates qhov sib txawv ntawm monocentric dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes.
Summary – Monocentric Dicentric vs Polycentric Chromosomes
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov centromeres tam sim no ntawm ib chromosome txawv ntawm cov chromosomes. Acentric, monocentric, dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes yog hom zoo li no. Monocentric chromosomes muaj ib lub centromere. Dicentric chromosomes muaj ob centromeres thaum polycentric chromosomes muaj ntau centromeres (ntau tshaj ob centromeres). Ob qho tib si dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes yog hom txawv txav ntawm chromosomes uas ua rau muaj kab mob sib txawv thiab txawv txav. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm monocentric dicentric thiab polycentric chromosomes.
