Abstract Class vs Interface
Cov chav kawm Abstract thiab Interface yog ob yam khoom taw qhia kev tsim muaj nyob hauv ntau hom lus taw qhia programming xws li Java. Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem ntawm chav kawm tsis tu ncua (pob zeb), thaum lub interface tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib qho kev siv daim ntawv cog lus. Cov chav kawm Abstract yog chav kawm uas tsis tuaj yeem pib tab sis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv. Interface yog hom uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lwm cov chav kawm. Hauv Java, Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem tau tshaj tawm siv cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg, thaum lub ntsiab lus cuam tshuam yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam.
Chav Kawm Abstract yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem, tseem hu ua Abstract Base Classes (ABC), tsis tuaj yeem ua tam sim (ib qho piv txwv ntawm chav kawm ntawd tsis tuaj yeem tsim). Yog li, cov chav kawm Abstract tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig kom muaj yog tias cov lus programming txhawb nqa qub txeeg qub teg (muaj peev xwm los tsim cov subclasses los ntawm kev nthuav dav hauv chav kawm). Cov chav kawm Abstract feem ntau yog sawv cev rau lub tswv yim paub daws teeb los yog qhov chaw nrog ib feem lossis tsis siv. Yog li ntawd, cov chav kawm Abstract ua raws li niam txiv cov chav kawm los ntawm cov chav kawm me nyuam tau muab los kom cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav qhia cov yam ntxwv tsis tiav ntawm cov niam txiv chav kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntxiv los ua kom tiav lawv.
Cov chav kawm Abstract tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem Abstract. Subclasses txuas ntxiv ib chav kawm paub daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem no (kuj paub) Abstract. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam chav kawm siv tag nrho cov txheej txheem Abstract, nws yog ib chav kawm tiav. Tab sis yog tias tsis yog, chav kawm me nyuam kuj dhau los ua chav kawm Abstract. Tag nrho qhov no txhais tau li cas yog tias, thaum tus programmer xaiv cov chav kawm ua Abstract, nws tau hais tias chav kawm yuav ua tsis tiav thiab nws yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm kev txais cov subclasses. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob tus programmers, uas ua kom yooj yim cov haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho software. Tus programmer, uas sau cov cai los ua qub txeeg qub teg, yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev txhais raws nraim (tab sis tau kawg tuaj yeem muaj nws tus kheej siv).
Dab tsi yog qhov Interface?
Ib qho interface yog hom kev paub daws teeb uas siv los qhia txog daim ntawv cog lus uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov chav kawm, uas siv qhov kev sib tshuam. Lub ntsiab lus interface yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov sib cuam tshuam thiab Siv cov lus tseem ceeb yog siv rau kev siv lub interface los ntawm chav kawm (hauv Java programming lus). Feem ntau, ib qho interface yuav tsuas muaj txoj kev kos npe thiab cov lus tshaj tawm tas li. Ib qho interface uas siv ib qho kev sib txuas yuav tsum siv txhua txoj hauv kev uas tau teev tseg hauv qhov interface, lossis yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm tias yog chav kawm paub daws teeb meem. Hauv Java, hom kev siv khoom siv tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog hom interface. Tab sis cov khoom ntawd yuav tsum yog null lossis yuav tsum tuav ib qho khoom ntawm chav kawm, uas siv qhov kev sib tshuam tshwj xeeb. Siv Implements lo lus tseem ceeb hauv Java, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam rau ib chav kawm.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Abstract Class thiab Interface?
Cov chav kawm Abstract feem ntau yog sawv cev rau lub tswv yim paub daws teeb lossis ib qho chaw uas muaj ib feem lossis tsis siv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho interface yog hom kev paub daws teeb uas siv los qhia txog daim ntawv cog lus uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov chav kawm. Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau txais qub txeeg qub teg (lossis txuas ntxiv), thaum lub interfaces yuav tsum tau ua. Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem yuav muaj cov kev paub daws teeb meem, qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tsuas muaj cov kev paub daws teeb meem xwb. Cov chav kawm paub daws teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv, tab sis Interfaces tsuas txhais tau qhov tsis tu ncua. Ib chav kawm tsis tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ntau dua ib chav kawm paub daws teeb meem tab sis tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov kev sib tshuam. Ib qho interface tsis tuaj yeem siv lwm qhov interface. Txawm li cas los xij ib qho interface tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau chav kawm.
