Qhov txawv ntawm sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridization

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb – sp3d2 vs d2sp3 Hybridization

Muaj cov qauv kev xav paub hu ua orbitals hauv ib lub atom uas cov electrons nyob. Cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv tau npaj cov duab sib txawv rau cov orbitals. Atomic orbitals tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov txheej txheem hu ua hybridization. Hybridization ntawm orbitals tshwm sim kom tau txais cov duab tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas tshuaj. Hybridization yog kev sib xyaw ntawm atomic orbitals los ua hybrid orbitals. sp³d² thiab d²sp³ yog hybrid orbitals. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm sp³d² thiab d²sp³ hybridization yog tias sp³d² hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob whereas d^{2sp 3} hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm ob lub plhaub hluav taws xob.

YDab tsi yog sp3d2 Hybridization

sp³d² hybridization yog kev sib xyaw ntawm s, p thiab d atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob los ua sp 3^d2 ^{hybrid orbitals. Nyob ntawd, ib lub atomic orbital, peb lub atomic orbitals thiab ob lub atomic orbitals sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov kev sib xyaw no ua rau muaj rau hybrid orbitals ntawm tib qhov loj thiab cov duab tab sis txawv ntawm lawv txoj kev taw qhia.}

The sp³d² hybrid orbitals yog teem rau hauv octahedral kev npaj. Cov hybrid orbitals no muaj 90 ^{ocov ces kaum ntawm ob lub orbitals hauv kev npaj octahedral. Qhov kev npaj octahedral qhia txog lub dav hlau square uas muaj plaub hybrid orbitals thiab ob qhov seem orbitals yog taw qhia saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm lub dav hlau square (perpendicular rau lub dav hlau no).}

Example

Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv kom nkag siab txog sp³d² hybridization. Piv txwv li: SF6 molecule muaj cov duab octahedral vim tias 3s, 3p thiab 3d atomic orbitals ntawm sulfur atom (S) yog tov rau formsp^3d2 ^{hybrid orbitals.}

Daim duab 01: Cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov sulfur atom ua ntej thiab tom qab Hybridization.

Raws li tau pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ua rau muaj rau 6 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis sib xws uas tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tshuaj sib txuas nrog rau rau fluorine atoms. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov atomic orbitals koom nrog hauv qhov kev sib xyaw no yog nyob rau hauv tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob (hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, nws yog n=3 electron plhaub).

D2sp3 Hybridization yog dab tsi?

d²sp³ hybridization yog kev sib xyaw ntawm s thiab p atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob nrog d orbitals ntawm lwm lub plhaub hluav taws xob los ua d²sp^{3 hybrid orbitals. Qhov no hybridization ua rau 6 hybrid orbitals. Cov hybrid orbitals no yog teem rau hauv octahedral geometry.}

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hauv qhov kev sib xyaw no, d atomic orbitals los ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob sib txawv (n-1 electron plhaub) whereas s thiab p atomic orbitals yog tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob. Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv kom nkag siab txog qhov kev sib txuam no. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlau ion complexes yog tsim los ntawm d²sp^{3 hybridized orbitals.}

Example

Piv txwv, coj Co(NH₃)^{3+ complex.}

Daim duab 02: Cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cob alt (Co) atom ua ntej thiab tom qab Hybridization.

Raws li pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, muaj rau qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob hauv cob alt atom tom qab hybridization. Cov khoob khoob khoob no tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev sib koom ua ke tshuaj lom neeg tsim nrog ligands (ntawm no ammonia ligands=NH_3).

Dab tsi yog qhov Zoo sib xws ntawm sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridization?

• Ob leeg sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridizations ua rau octahedral geometry.
• Ob leeg sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridization geometries muaj 90^{o lub kaum sab xis ntawm hybrid orbitals.}
• Ob leeg sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridization tshwm sim hauv rau hybrid orbitals.

Qhov txawv ntawm sp3d2 thiab d2sp3 Hybridization yog dab tsi?

sp3d2 vs d2sp3 Hybridization
sp3d2 hybridization yog kev sib xyaw ntawm s, p thiab d atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob los ua sp 3d2 hybrid orbitals.	d2sp3 hybridization yog kev sib xyaw ntawm s thiab p atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob nrog d orbitals ntawm lwm lub plhaub hluav taws xob los ua d2sp3 hybrid orbitals.
sp3d2 hybridization forms sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.	d2sp3 hybridization d2sp3hybrid orbitals.
Type of Atomic Orbitals
sp3d2 hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob.	d2sp3 hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm ob lub plhaub hluav taws xob.
d Orbitals
sp3d2 hybridization suav nrog d atomic orbitals ntawm n electron plhaub.	d2sp3 hybridization suav nrog d atomic orbitals ntawm n-1 electron plhaub.

Summary – sp3d2 vs d2sp3 Hybridization

sp³d² hybridization thiab d²sp^{3hybridization yog cov ntsiab lus tsis meej pem uas feem ntau siv sib hloov pauv los ntawm kev yuam kev. Cov no txawv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm sp}3^d2 ^{thiab d}2^sp3 ^{hybridization yog qhov ntawd, sp}3^d2 ^{hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm tib lub plhaub hluav taws xob whereas d}2^sp 3 ^{hybridization suav nrog atomic orbitals ntawm ob lub plhaub hluav taws xob.}

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