Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm autosomes thiab chromosomes yog tias tib neeg muaj 22 khub ntawm autosomes uas txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv somatic thaum tib neeg muaj tag nrho ntawm 23 khub ntawm chromosomes hauv ib lub xovtooj.
Raws li kev tshawb xav ntawm tes piav qhia, lub xov tooj tshiab pib los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes ua ntej los ntawm kev faib cell. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cell thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm chromosome. Hauv eukaryotes, chromosomes muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Chromosomes pom tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm metaphase ntawm kev faib nuclear. Thaum lub sij hawm interphase ntawm nuclear division, chromosomes tshwm sim raws li ib pob ntawm cov hlua hu ua chromatin. Muaj ob hom chromosomes hauv ib lub cell: autosomes thiab chromosomes kev sib deev. Cov poj niam muaj kev sib deev ib khub ntawm chromosomes uas muaj XX thaum txiv neej muaj XY chromosomes. Cov y chromosome luv dua X chromosome thiab nws tsis muaj qee cov gens uas tshwm sim hauv X chromosome.
Autosomes yog dab tsi?
Autosomes yog ib qho ntawm ob hom chromosomes nyob hauv tib neeg. Cov chromosomes feem ntau txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob leeg poj niam thiab txiv neej. Tawm ntawm 23 khub ntawm chromosomes, 22 khub ntawm chromosomes yog autosomes. Lwm tus khub yog lub luag haujlwm rau poj niam txiv neej. Autosome khub sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Tab sis, ob tug tswv cuab ntawm autosomal chromosome khub muaj tib yam morphology, tsis zoo li poj niam txiv neej chromosome khub. Hauv karyotype, kev npaj ntawm autosome khub qhia lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Chromosome khub 1 yog qhov loj tshaj plaws autosome khub uas muaj cov noob ntau dua thaum khub 22 yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws autosome khub uas muaj qhov sib piv me me ntawm cov noob.
Daim duab 01: Autosomes
Muaj ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog autosomes. Down syndrome yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm trisomy ntawm chromosome khub 21 thaum Cri du Chat yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm autosomal uas tshwm sim vim yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm ib feem ntawm chromosome 5. Ib yam li ntawd, cystic fibrosis, mob mob cell anemia, Tay-Sachs. kab mob, trisomy 13 thiab trisomy 18 yog qee yam mob autosomal ntxiv.
YChromosomes yog dab tsi?
Chromosomes yog cov qauv zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm DNA cuam tshuam nrog histone proteins. Chromosomes nqa cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev. Ib chromosome muaj thaj tsam centromere thiab ob tug muam chromatids. Centromere tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw raws qhov ntev ntawm chromosome. Hauv eukaryotes, chromosomes muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum nyob rau hauv prokaryotes, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Cov kab mob muaj ib chromosome nyob rau hauv cytoplasm, tab sis cov kab mob muaj ntxiv-chromosomal DNA hu ua plasmids. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob chromosomes tsis koom nrog histone proteins. Li no, lawv liab qab DNA.
Daim duab 02: Chromosomes
Chromosomes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tiam txij li lawv nqa cov noob uas yog cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg. Qhov tseeb, cov noob yog cov kab ke DNA tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom tawg ntawm chromosomes. Hauv ib chromosome, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txhiab tus noob, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.
Txhua hom muaj tus lej tshwj xeeb ntawm chromosomes hauv txhua lub cell. Tib neeg muaj 46 chromosomes. Cov yoov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj 8 chromosomes. Miv muaj 38 thaum dev muaj 78 chromosomes. Hauv ib lub cell, chromosomes muaj nyob ua khub. Cov khub chromosome no zoo ib yam. Lawv yog homologous chromosomes tau txais los ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv. Yog li, tib neeg muaj 23 homologous chromosome khub: 22 khub yog autosomes thaum ib khub yog poj niam txiv neej chromosomes.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Autosomes thiab Chromosomes?
• Autosomes yog chromosomes uas txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg.
• Lawv muaj DNA.
• Lawv muaj cov noob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Autosomes thiab Chromosomes yog dab tsi?
Autosomes tsis yog poj niam txiv neej chromosomes thaum chromosomes yog xov zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm DNA uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm autosomes thiab chromosomes. Autosomes txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob thaum chromosomes sib sau ua ke txiav txim siab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, suav nrog poj niam txiv neej thiab poj niam txiv neej. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm autosomes thiab chromosomes yog tag nrho cov khub. Muaj 22 khub ntawm autosomes thaum 23 khub ntawm chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib tug cell ntawm tib neeg. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov autosome khub yog homologous thaum sib deev chromosomes ntawm txiv neej tsis homologous.
Summary – Autosomes vs Chromosomes
Chromosomes sawv cev rau lub genome ntawm cov kab mob uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Lawv yog cov qauv zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm nucleic acid DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob hom chromosomes li autosomes thiab allosomes (sex chromosomes). Autosomes muaj cov noob uas code rau cov yam ntxwv somatic. Hauv qhov sib piv, kev sib deev chromosomes txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej ntawm lub cev. Muaj 44 autosomal chromosomes thiab 46 chromosomes hauv ib lub cell ntawm tib neeg. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm autosomes thiab chromosomes.
