Qhov txawv ntawm haloalkanes thiab haloarenes yog tias haloalkanes yog aliphatic compounds uas muaj halogens, hos haloarenes yog cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj halogens.
Halogens yog pawg 7 cov tshuaj muaj xws li fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) thiab astatine (At). Thaum cov halogens ua ke nrog cov organic tebchaw, peb muab lawv lub npe hu ua halo compounds. Haloalkanes thiab haloarenes yog ob hom halo compounds.
Haloalkanes yog dab tsi?
Haloalkanes yog ib pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj alkanes ua ke nrog halogens. Yuav muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj halogens nyob rau hauv tib lub compound. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm lub npe rau cov tebchaw no yog alkyl halides. Cov molecules no tsis muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab.
Hauv kev faib tawm ntawm cov tebchaw no, peb tuaj yeem faib lawv raws li tus qauv thiab hom halogen. Raws li cov qauv, muaj cov thawj, theem nrab thiab tertiary haloalkanes. Hauv thawj haloalkanes, cov pa roj carbon atom txuas nrog halogen atom tsuas yog txuas mus rau lwm pawg alkyl, qhov thib ob haloalkanes, carbon atom txuas nrog ob pawg alkyl thiab hauv tertiary haloalkanes, muaj peb pawg alkyl. Thaum faib cov tshuaj no raws li halogen atom, peb tuaj yeem muab lawv lub npe ua organofluorine, organochlorine, organobromine thiab organoiodine.
Daim duab 01: Chloromethane
Feem ntau, haloalkanes zoo li cov khoom ntawm niam txiv alkanes; Tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, hydrophobic, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov ntsiab lus melting thiab boiling yog siab dua li cov niam txiv alkanes. Nws yog vim muaj zog intermolecular rog ntawm molecules; Cov pa roj carbon-halogen daim ntawv cog lus yog polar, thiab yog li, cov molecules muaj kev sib cuam tshuam polar-polar.
Thaum xav txog kev tsim cov haloalkanes, peb tuaj yeem tsim lawv los ntawm alkanes ntawm cov dawb radical halogenation, los ntawm alkenes thiab alkynes, los ntawm cawv, los ntawm carboxylic acids, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, haloalkanes nyiam hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Haloarenes yog dab tsi?
Haloarenes yog ib pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj ib lossis ntau dua halogen atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm lub npe rau cov tshuaj no yog aryl halides. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ib lossis ntau dua halogen atoms hauv cov khoom sib txuas ncaj qha nrog lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Cov tswv cuab feem ntau thiab tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg no yog aryl chlorides.
Daim duab 02: Benzyl Chloride
Ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim khoom yog ncaj qha halogenation ntawm cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab thiab Sandmeyer cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas aniline hloov mus rau diazonium ntsev siv nitrous acid. Thaum xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tebchaw, lawv koom nrog benzyne mechanism, uas muab aniline thiab lawv kuj tseem ceeb hauv organometallic reagent tsim.
Qhov txawv ntawm Haloalkanes thiab Haloarenes yog dab tsi?
Haloalkanes yog ib pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj alkanes ua ke nrog halogens. Haloarenes yog ib pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj ib lossis ntau dua halogen atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm haloalkanes thiab haloarenes yog tias haloalkanes yog aliphatic compounds uas muaj halogens, hos haloarenes yog cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj halogens.
Tsis tas li ntawd, haloalkanes tsis muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, tab sis haloarenes muaj. Haloalkanes tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm alkanes ntawm cov dawb radical halogenation, los ntawm alkenes thiab alkynes, los ntawm cawv, los ntawm carboxylic acids, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, ob txoj kev tsim khoom rau haloarenes yog ncaj qha halogenation ntawm aromatic rings thiab Sandmeyer cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv loj ntawm haloalkanes thiab haloarenes.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no-daim duab qhia ntau sab ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm haloalkanes thiab haloarenes.
Summary – Haloalkanes vs Haloarenes
Haloalkanes thiab haloarenes yog cov organic tebchaw. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm haloalkanes thiab haloarenes yog tias haloalkanes yog aliphatic compounds uas muaj halogens, hos haloarenes yog cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj halogens.
