Alpha vs Beta Decay
Alpha lwj thiab Beta lwj yog ob hom kev tawg ntawm cov xov tooj cua. Qhov thib peb yog gamma lwj. Txhua qhov teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm atoms uas yog tsim los ntawm electrons, protons thiab neutrons. Protons thiab neutrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum electrons revolve nyob rau hauv orbits nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus. Thaum feem ntau ntawm cov nuclei ruaj khov, muaj qee cov ntsiab lus nrog cov nuclei tsis ruaj khov. Cov nuclei tsis ruaj khov no hu ua radioactive. Cov nuclei no nws thiaj li lwj emitting ib tug particle, yog li hloov mus rau lwm lub nucleus los yog hloov mus rau hauv ib tug nucleus nrog ib tug qis zog. Qhov kev lwj no txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj cov nucleus ruaj khov. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev lwj hu ua alpha, beta thiab gamma decay uas txawv nyob ntawm seb cov particle emissions thaum lwj. Kab lus no npaj siab kom paub qhov txawv ntawm alpha thiab beta lwj.
Alpha lwj
Alpha lwj yog li hu ua qhov tsis ruaj khov nucleus emits alpha hais. Ib qho alpha particle muaj ob lub protons thiab ob lub neutrons, uas kuj zoo ib yam li helium nucleus. Helium nucleus suav hais tias yog qhov ruaj khov heev. Hom kev lwj no tuaj yeem pom nrog kev lwj ntawm lub xov tooj cua uranium 238, uas tom qab dhau los ntawm alpha decay hloov mus rau ntau ruaj khov Thorium 234.
238U92→ 234Th90+ 4He2
txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm alpha lwj yog hu ua transmutation.
Beta decay
Thaum ib qho beta particle tawm ntawm lub cev tsis ruaj khov, cov txheej txheem hu ua beta lwj. Ib qho beta particle yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electron, txawm hais tias qee zaum nws yog positron, uas kuj yog qhov zoo sib npaug ntawm electron. Thaum lub sij hawm xws li lwj, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons nqis los ntawm ib tug thiab tus naj npawb ntawm protons nce los ntawm ib tug. Beta lwj tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov piv txwv hauv qab no.
234Th90234Pa91+0e-1
Beta hais tau nkag mus thiab txav nrawm dua li alpha hais.
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm alpha thiab beta lwj, uas tau tham hauv qab no.
Qhov txawv ntawm alpha lwj thiab beta lwj
• Alpha decay yog tshwm sim los ntawm muaj ntau protons nyob rau hauv ib tug unstable nucleus, thaum beta lwj yog tshwm sim los ntawm muaj ntau ntau neutrons nyob rau hauv unstable nuclei.
• Alpha decay hloov cov nucleus tsis ruaj tsis khov mus rau lwm lub nucleus uas muaj atomic mass 2 tsawg dua cov niam txiv nucleus thiab atomic tooj uas yog 4 tsawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm beta decay, lub nucleus tshiab muaj ib tug atomic loj ib tug ntau dua cov niam txiv nucleus tab sis muaj tib atomic tooj.
• Alpha decay tsim alpha hais tias yog 2 neutrons thiab 2 protons yog li muaj ib tug loj ntawm 4 amu (Atomic mass unit), thiab ib tug +2 nqi. Lawv lub zog nkag mus tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau koj cov tawv nqaij tab sis yog tias koj haus ib yam dab tsi uas tab tom ua rau alpha lwj, koj yuav tuag. Feem ntau, alpha hais tuaj yeem nres txawm tias muaj ib daim ntawv.
• Beta decay cuam tshuam nrog kev tso tawm ntawm beta particles uas yog cov electrons tsis muaj huab hwm coj nrog cov nqi tsis zoo. Lawv muaj lub zog nkag siab dua thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau koj cov tawv nqaij yooj yim. Txawm cov phab ntsa los tiv thaiv koj.
• Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm alpha decay thiab tso tawm ntawm alpha hais yog ua los ntawm cov pa taws detectors. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv ntau lwm daim ntawv thov xws li hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv hauv qhov chaw soj ntsuam kev sim thiab kuj yog cov pacemakers siv rau kev kho mob plawv. Nws yooj yim dua los tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv alpha hluav taws xob ntau dua li beta hluav taws xob uas muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
