Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes yog rRNA yog RNA tivthaiv ntawm ribosomes, uas yog nucleic acid thaum ribosome yog ib qho organelle uas ua cov protein synthesis.
rRNA thiab ribosomes yog ob qhov chaw sib txawv uas ua haujlwm ua ke hauv cellular functions, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txhais lus ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Ib qho yog macromolecule thaum lwm qhov yog lub cev me me uas tseem ceeb heev. Ob lub koom haum no muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, tab sis lawv yuav tsis paub ntau rau koj. Yog li, nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los nthuav qhia lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab sib tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes ib yam.
rRNA yog dab tsi?
rRNA yog tus qauv, luv luv rau ribosomal RNA. Nws yog ib qho nucleic acid uas tsim ribonucleotides. rRNA muaj nyob rau hauv lub ribosome, li no lub npe ribosomal RNA. Hauv lwm lo lus, rRNA yog RNA feem ntawm ribosome. Yog li, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ribosome: protein synthesis hauv cell. Thaum lub sij hawm cov protein synthesis, rRNA tswj kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus xa xov RNA rau hauv cov amino acids nrog nws cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, rRNA cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv RNA thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nucleic acid (nucleotide sequence) rau hauv cov protein molecule.
Figure 01: rRNA
rRNA tshwm sim raws li ob lub subunits hu ua loj subunit (LSU) thiab cov subunit me (SSU) nyob rau hauv lub ribosome. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov protein, cov subunit me nyeem cov mRNA strand thaum lub subunit loj sib sau ua ke cov protein molecule. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav nthuav kom paub tias tus xa xov RNA strand tau nce mus los ntawm ob lub subunits, feem ntau sib xyaw ntawm SSU thiab LSU, thaum tsim cov peptide daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov protein molecule yog catalyzed los ntawm ribosome. Tsis tas li ntawd, rRNAs yog nucleic acids nrog nucleotide sequences, cov no tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces.
Y Ribosomes yog dab tsi?
Ribosomes yog ib qho ntawm cov organelles me tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib lub cell nrog qhov loj ntawm li 20 nanometers. Txawm hais tias nws qhov me me piv rau lwm cov organelles, nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab loj molecules ntawm RNA thiab cov proteins, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis. Cov complex RNA thiab cov proteins no raug hu ua ribonucleic proteins.
Ribosomes muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob hauv hlwb suav nrog ob qho tib si prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Txawm li cas los xij, prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic ribosomes sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Prokaryotic ribosomes yog 70S thaum eukaryotic ribosomes yog 80S. Ribosomes feem ntau pom muaj txuas nrog RER (ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum) thiab tsis tshua muaj organelles dawb hauv cytoplasm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txuas ntawm ribosomes nrog RER tsis tas mus li vim qhov txuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev txuas thiab cais nrog RER nto.
Daim duab 02: Ribosome
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ribosomes yog txhawm rau tsim cov peptide daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob cov amino acids raws li kev txiav txim ntawm codons hauv cov tub txib RNA ib ntus. Qhov tseeb, ribosome khi nrog tus xa xov RNA strand thiab siv nws ua tus qauv kom nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm cov amino acids nyob rau hauv txhua cov protein molecule. Yog li, nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov protein yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws tseem yuav nthuav kom pom tias tej zaum yuav muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub ribosome hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov nucleotide sequences ntawm messenger RNA los txiav txim seb cov amino acid sib raug zoo li cas.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm rRNA thiab Ribosomes?
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- rRNA yog RNA tivthaiv ntawm ribosome.
- Ob leeg rRNA thiab ribosomes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov protein nyob hauv txhua yam kab mob.
- Lawv nyob hauv cytoplasm.
Qhov txawv ntawm rRNA thiab Ribosomes yog dab tsi?
rRNA yog ib hom nucleic acid whereas ribosome yog ib qho organelle. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nucleotides tsim rRNA thaum RNA thiab cov proteins hu ua ribonucleic proteins ua cov ribosomes. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes hauv kev tsim. Ntxiv mus, rRNA tej zaum yuav siv tau los ua ib qho chaw cia ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces tab sis tsis yog ribosomes. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes.
Summary – RNA vs Ribosomes
Ribosomes yog cov organelles me me nyob rau hauv ob lub hlwb prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic. Cov organelle no tseem ceeb heev vim nws yog cov organelle uas ua cov protein synthesis ntawm tes. Ribosomes muaj ob yam xws li rRNA thiab proteins. Yog li, rRNA yog ribosomal RNA uas yog ib feem ntawm ribosomes. rRNA yog tsim los ntawm ribonucleotides. rRNA yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyeem cov lus txiav txim kom raug ntawm codons hauv mRNA ib ntus thiab txuas cov amino acids ua ke raws li nws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ribosome yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm rRNA thiab ribosomes.
