Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spliceosomes thiab ribosomes yog cov spliceosomes catalyze cov splicing ntawm introns los ntawm pre-mRNAs thaum ribosomes catalyze kev txhais ntawm mRNA rau synthesize proteins.
Gene kev qhia tshwm sim ntawm ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb, hu ua transcription thiab translation. Ua ntej, cov kab ke nucleotide ntawm cov noob tau muab hloov mus rau hauv pre-mRNA molecule. Txij li cov noob caj noob ces muaj introns thiab exons, introns yuav tsum tau spliced tawm ntawm lub pre-mRNA molecule los tsim ib mRNA molecule paub tab uas muaj exons xwb. Spliceosomes yog ribonucleoprotein complexes uas nqa tawm splicing ntawm introns los ntawm pre-mRNA molecules. Tom qab ntawd, mRNA molecule mRNA tawm ntawm lub nucleus thiab mus txog ribosomes hauv cytoplasm rau kev txhais lus. Ribosomes yog cov cellular organelles uas ua cov protein synthesis los ntawm mRNA molecules. Ob leeg spliceosomes thiab ribosomes yog multimolecular complexes uas muaj RNA thiab proteins.
Dab tsi yog Spliceosomes?
Lub spliceosome yog lub tshuab loj molecular ua haujlwm hauv lub nucleus kom tshem tawm cov introns los ntawm transcribed pre-mRNA molecule. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm ribonucleoproteins, muaj tsib uridine-nplua nuj me me nuclear RNAs hu ua U1, U2, U4, U5 thiab U6 thiab ntau cov protein ntau. Spliceosome muaj kwv yees li 100 proteins. Lub conformation thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm spliceosomes yog heev dynamic. Dynamic xwm ntawm spliceosome yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los ua cov tshuab splicing kom raug thiab hloov tau.
Daim duab 01: Spliceosome
Tib neeg lub xov tooj muaj txog 100,000 spliceosomes. Muaj ob hom spliceosomes hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Lawv yog cov loj spliceosomes thiab me spliceosomes. Cov spliceosomes loj yog lub luag haujlwm rau tshem tawm 99.5% ntawm introns thaum qhov seem 0.5% raug tshem tawm los ntawm me spliceosomes.
Y Ribosomes yog dab tsi?
Lub ribosome yog ib lub me me puag ncig organelle tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm cov hlwb. Nws yog lub Hoobkas protein ntawm lub cell. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, nws yog organelle uas ua cov proteins synthesis hauv cov hlwb. Ob leeg prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes muaj ribosomes. Prokaryotic ribosomes yog 70S thaum eukaryotic ribosomes yog 80S loj.
Thaum lub sijhawm qhia cov noob, cov hloov pauv mRNA molecule tau muab txhais ua cov protein ntawm ribosome. Yog li, kev txhais lus ntawm mRNA tshwm sim hauv ribosomes. Ribosomes yog tsim los ntawm ribosomal RNA molecules thiab cov proteins. Raws li txoj cai, lub ribosome muaj ob lub subunits li loj subunit thiab me subunit. Plaub rRNA molecules tuav cov qauv ntawm ribosome ua ke.
Daim duab 02: Ribosomes
Nucleolus tsim ribosomes, thiab ces ribosomes mus rau lub cytoplasm ntawm tes. Hauv cytoplasm, muaj ob hom ribosomes. Lawv yog cov dawb daim ntawv los yog khi (txuas) daim ntawv ribosomes. Dawb ribosomes tsis nyob twj ywm rau ib qho organelle. Lawv nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm thiab tsiv mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cell. Cov ribosomes txuam nrog endoplasmic reticulum. Lawv muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ER. Thaum cov ribosomes txuas nrog, lawv tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm lub cell. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si pub dawb thiab khi ribosomes koom nrog cov protein synthesis.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Spliceosomes thiab Ribosomes?
- Ribosomes thiab spliceosomes yog ribonucleoprotein nanomachine.
- Lawv muaj RNA thiab cov protein ntau.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv koom nrog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhia cov noob thiab cov protein synthesis.
- ob leeg ua haujlwm li ribozymes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Spliceosomes thiab Ribosomes yog dab tsi?
Spliceosomes yog cov multi-megad alton ribonucleoprotein complexes uas catalyze pre-mRNA splicing thaum ribosomes yog ribonucleoprotein complexes uas catalyze protein synthesis los ntawm mRNA. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spliceosomes thiab ribosomes. Ntxiv mus, cov spliceosomes pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv eukaryotic nuclei, thaum lub ribosomes pom nyob rau hauv ob leeg prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic hlwb. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm spliceosomes thiab ribosomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, spliceosomes tuaj yeem pom hauv eukaryotic nuclei, thaum ribosomes tuaj yeem pom hauv cytoplasm ntawm cov hlwb.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm spliceosomes thiab ribosomes.
Summary – Spliceosomes vs Ribosomes
Spliceosomes yog ribonucleoprotein complexes pom nyob rau hauv eukaryotic nuclei. Lawv tshem tawm cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog coding lossis introns los ntawm pre-mRNA molecule thiab ligate exons ua ke. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ribosomes yog me me organelles pom nyob rau hauv ob leeg prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic hlwb. Lawv ua cov protein synthesis lossis kev txhais lus. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm spliceosomes thiab ribosomes.
