Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntuj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov hluav taws xob ntuj tsim hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum nws raug ntxias los ntawm tib neeg hauv chav kuaj, nws hu ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Tus txiv neej tsis tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm xov tooj cua; nws nyob ntawd, uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub qab ntuj khwb txij thaum immemorial. Tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm nrhiav tau los ntawm Henry Becquerel hauv 1896 uas lub ntiaj teb tuaj paub txog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb Marie Curie tau piav qhia txog lub tswv yim no hauv xyoo 1898 thiab tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau nws txoj haujlwm. Peb xa cov xov tooj cua uas muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb (nyeem hnub qub) ntawm nws tus kheej raws li cov xov tooj cua ntuj thaum uas tus txiv neej induces li dag radioactivity.
Natural Radioactivity yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, xov tooj cua hais txog kev tso tawm cov khoom thiab lub zog los ntawm cov nuclei tsis ruaj khov. Kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov atoms tsis ruaj khov txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum cov khoom mus txog qhov ruaj khov. Qhov no decomposition ntawm nuclei yog cov txheej txheem ntawm radioactivity. Thaum no decomposition tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm, peb hu nws raws li ntuj radioactivity. Uranium yog lub ntuj tsim hnyav tshaj plaws (atomic naj npawb 92).
Radioactivity suav nrog kev tso tawm ntawm peb hom hais los ntawm lub hauv paus tsis ruaj khov hauv kev sib zog kom ncav cuag kev ruaj ntseg. Peb npe lawv li alpha, beta, thiab gamma hluav taws xob. Alpha hais muaj ob protons thiab ob neutrons (xws li ib tug helium atom) uas yog vim li cas nws muaj ib tug zoo nqi. Alpha hais yog ib qho me me ntawm cov niam txiv nucleus uas sim tso tawm lub zog thiab cov khoom alpha hauv kev sim ua kom ruaj khov.
Daim duab 01: Peb yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom uas tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm xov tooj cua
Beta hais muaj xws li electrons thiab yog li muaj tus nqi tsis zoo. Qhov thib peb thiab zaum kawg hais tias ib tug xov tooj cua nucleus emits yog gamma particles uas muaj zog photons. Qhov tseeb, lawv tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis lub zog ntshiab tsis muaj huab hwm coj. Tsis yog tag nrho peb cov hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis ruaj khov nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.
Dab tsi yog xov tooj cua dag?
Thaum peb npaj cov nuclei tsis ruaj khov hauv cov chaw sim los ntawm kev foob pob nrog cov neutrons qeeb, peb hu nws cov xov tooj cua dag. Txawm hais tias muaj xov tooj cua isotopes ntawm thorium thiab Uranium, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob txhais tau tias peb tab tom tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob trans-uranium uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xov tooj cua.
Daim duab 02: Ejection ntawm Alpha Particle hauv daim duab - los ntawm Artificial Means
hom xov tooj cua no muaj ntau yam siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear qhov twg cov neutrons qeeb qeeb tau ua rau foob pob hluav taws xob ruaj khov ntawm uranium uas tsis ruaj khov thiab pib lwj tso tawm ntau lub zog. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem siv lub zog ntawd los hloov dej rau hauv chav. Tom qab ntawd, cov chav no yuav txav turbines tsim hluav taws xob. Artificial radioactivity muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb siv hauv cov foob pob atom uas fission ntawm cov nucleus tsis ruaj khov ua rau tso tawm ntau lub zog thiab peb tswj tsis tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nuclear reactors, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tswj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ntuj thiab Artificial Radioactivity yog dab tsi?
Natural radioactivity yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xov tooj cua uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj whereas artificial radioactivity yog txheej txheem ntawm radioactivity uas yog induced los ntawm tib neeg tsim txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntuj yog hom hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum nws raug ntxias los ntawm tib neeg hauv chav kuaj, nws yog hu ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntuj yog qhov tshwm sim thaum cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Yog li peb yuav tsum pib lub xov tooj cua kom tau txais cov xov tooj cua dag.
Cov hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob
Summary – Natural vs Artificial Radioactivity
Natural and artificial radioactivity yog ob hom xov tooj cua loj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog tias cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntuj yog daim ntawv xov tooj cua siv qhov chaw ntawm nws tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum tus txiv neej induces yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
