Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process
Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process
Video: coj sawv daws mus saib lawv khawb vaj pov cov nyiaj nyob zos noom taj xeev khuam 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cyclic vs Reversible Process

cov txheej txheem Cyclic thiab cov txheej txheem thim rov qab cuam tshuam rau thawj lub xeev thiab zaum kawg ntawm lub kaw lus tom qab ua haujlwm tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem no hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug cyclic txheej txheem, thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg lub xeev yog zoo tib yam tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem tab sis, nyob rau hauv ib tug reversible txheej txheem, tus txheej txheem yuav rov qab mus rau nws thawj lub xeev. Yog li, cov txheej txheem cyclic tuaj yeem suav tias yog txheej txheem thim rov qab. Tab sis, cov txheej txheem thim rov qab tsis tas yuav yog txheej txheem cyclic, nws tsuas yog txheej txheem uas muaj peev xwm thim rov qab. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem cyclic thiab thim rov qab.

Cov txheej txheem Cyclic yog dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem cyclic yog txheej txheem uas lub kaw lus rov qab mus rau tib lub xeev thermodynamic thaum nws pib. Tag nrho cov enthalpy hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug cyclic txheej txheem yog sib npaug rau xoom txij li thaum, tsis muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub kawg thiab thawj thermodynamic lub xeev. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog hauv cov txheej txheem cyclic kuj yog xoom. Vim hais tias, thaum ib lub kaw lus tau txais cov txheej txheem cyclic, qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub zog sab hauv yog sib npaug. Kev ua haujlwm ua los ntawm lub kaw lus hauv cov txheej txheem cyclic yog sib npaug ntawm cov cua sov nqus los ntawm qhov system.

Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process
Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process

Txheej txheem thim rov qab yog dab tsi?

Ib txheej txheem thim rov qab yog txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem thim rov qab kom tau txais nws thawj lub xeev, txawm tias tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem. Thaum cov txheej txheem no, lub kaw lus yog nyob rau hauv thermodynamic sib npaug nrog nws cov nyob ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis nce lub entropy ntawm lub system los yog ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem thim rov qab tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias tag nrho cov cua sov thiab kev sib pauv ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm lub kaw lus thiab ib puag ncig yog xoom. Qhov no tsis yog xyaum ua tau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog txheej txheem hypothetical. Vim tias, nws nyuaj heev kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem thim rov qab.

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cyclic vs Reversible Process
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cyclic vs Reversible Process

Qhov txawv ntawm Cyclic thiab Reversible Process yog dab tsi?

Definition:

Txheej Txheem Cyclic: Ib txheej txheem tau hais tias yog cyclic, yog tias lub xeev thawj zaug thiab lub xeev kawg ntawm lub kaw lus zoo ib yam, tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem.

Cov Txheej Txheem Rov Qab: Ib txheej txheem tau hais kom thim rov qab yog tias lub kaw lus tuaj yeem rov qab los rau nws lub xeev thawj zaug tom qab cov txheej txheem tiav lawm. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev hloov pauv infinitesimal hauv qee yam khoom ntawm lub cev.

Examples:

Txheej Txheem Cyclic: Cov piv txwv hauv qab no tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov txheej txheem cyclic.

  • Expansion ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (T).
  • Tshem tawm cua sov ntawm qhov ntim tas li (V).
  • Compression ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (T).
  • Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov cua sov ntawm qhov ntim tas li (V).

Txheej Txheem Rov Qab: Cov txheej txheem thim rov qab yog cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tab sis muaj qee cov txheej txheem tiag tiag uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov kwv yees zoo.

Piv txwv: Carnot cycle (lub tswv yim theoretical uas tau hais los ntawm Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot hauv 1824.

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cyclic vs Reversible Process_1
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cyclic vs Reversible Process_1

Kev xav:

  • Lub piston txav hauv lub tog raj kheej tsis tsim kev sib txhuam thaum txav.
  • Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub piston thiab lub tog raj kheej yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo meej.
  • Kev hloov ntawm cov cua sov tsis cuam tshuam qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw lossis lub dab dej.
  • Cov kua dej ua haujlwm yog cov roj zoo tagnrho.
  • Kev sib xyaw thiab nthuav dav yog thim rov qab.

Properties:

Txheej Txheem Cyclic: Cov haujlwm ua tiav ntawm cov pa roj sib npaug rau cov haujlwm ua los ntawm cov roj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog sab hauv thiab qhov hloov pauv enthalpy hauv lub cev yog sib npaug rau xoom hauv cov txheej txheem cyclic.

Txheej Txheem Rov Qab: Thaum lub sijhawm rov qab los, lub kaw lus nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug. Rau qhov ntawd, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm me me infinitesimally, thiab cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm lub kaw lus tseem nyob tas li thaum tus txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, lub entropy ntawm lub system tseem nyob tas li.

Pom zoo: