Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Copper vs Bronze
Ntau qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm tooj liab thiab Bronze raws li lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev siv, thiab cov khoom. Tooj liab yog cov tshuaj dawb huv thiab cov ntxhia hauv ntuj uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust thiab dej hauv qhov me me. Piv txwv li, bronze yog ib qho alloy uas muaj tooj liab ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nrog cov tin thiab qee cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau sib txuas. Bronze alloys muaj ntau yam ntawm ntau hom, nrog sib txawv compositions; kom cov alloys sib txawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab kev siv. Tooj liab yog ib qho zoo heev hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductor. Nws kuj muaj ntau daim ntawv thov hauv ntau yam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab yog, tooj liab yog cov tshuaj dawb huv nrog rau cov ntxhia hauv ntuj thaum bronze yog hlau alloy.
Copper yog dab tsi?
Lo lus, Tooj yog muab los ntawm Latin lo lus "cuprum". Nws yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg nrog lub cim Cu thiab atomic tooj 29. tooj liab yog cov hlau uas muaj hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. tooj liab, vim nws cov hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab thermal conductivity, tsis kam mus corrosion, formability, thiab zoo zog, yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm industrial cov khoom. Piv txwv li, tooj liab yog dav siv los ua cua sov thiab hluav taws xob conductor, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab hauv kev tsim ntau yam hlau alloys. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kav dej thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv tooj liab, vim nws cov corrosion kuj.
tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim soldered thiab brazed yooj yim nrog lwm yam hlau thiab kuj tuaj yeem welded los ntawm ntau yam arc, roj thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem polished thiab varnished kom tau qhov xav tau luster zoo li.
Bronze yog dab tsi?
Bronze yog cov hlau alloy uas muaj tooj liab ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tin txog 12%. Qee lwm yam hlau thiab nonmetals lossis metalloids kuj tau ntxiv, nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua, kom tau txais cov khoom xav tau. Feem ntau cov hlau ntxiv yog aluminium, manganese, zinc lossis nickel. Piv txwv ntawm lwm cov khoom siv yog silicon, phosphorous lossis arsenic. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau yam hlau thiab cov hlau tsis sib xyaw ua rau ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov tooj liab alloys nrog ntau yam khoom.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab?
Txoj Kev Copper thiab Bronze
Copper: tooj liab yog ib txwm muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb cov pob zeb ua cov ntxhia ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 50 ppm. Lub hauv paus ntawm tooj liab yog tooj liab sulfide (CuFeS 2), uas tseem hu ua chalcopyrite. Tab sis, nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntshiab raws li ib tug tej yam ntuj tso ntxhia tsis muaj combining nrog lwm yam ntsiab lus; nws yog hu ua "native tooj liab." Muaj 29 isotopes ntawm tooj liab, thiab tsuas yog ob hom (63Cu thiab 65 Cu) ruaj khov thiab lwm cov isotopes yog cov xov tooj cua.
Bronze: Bronze yog cov hlau alloy uas muaj tooj liab (Cu) ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab Tin (Sn) yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob. Lawv feem pua nws txawv nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj, tab sis feem ntau, nws muaj li ntawm 12% ntawm tin thiab 88% tooj liab. Lawv feem pua sib txawv me ntsis thaum lwm cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis sib txuas ntxiv.
Muaj ntau ntau cov tooj liab sib txawv, thiab lawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv raws li lawv qhov kev siv.
Kev lag luam tooj liab: tooj liab (90%), Zinc (10%)
Architectural bronze: Copper (57%), Zinc (40%), Lead (3%)
Plastic bronze: Muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm Lead (Pb) los txhim kho cov khoom yas.
Phosphor Bronze (los yog Tin Bronze): tooj liab, Tin (0.5% rau 1.0%), phosphorous (0.01% mus rau 0.35%).
Aluminium Bronze: Tooj, Aluminium (6% - 12%), Hlau (6% -max), Nickel (6% - max).
Silicon Bronze: Copper, Zinc (20%), silicon (6%).
Khoom ntawm Tooj thiab Bronze
Copper: tooj liab muaj thermal thiab hluav taws xob zoo heev. Nws yog cov hlau mos thiab ntom ntom, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim soldered thiab brazed nrog lwm cov hlau los tsim cov alloys. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov ruaj khov, hloov tau yooj yim thiab nyuaj heev kom tawg lossis tawg. Nws tuaj yeem khoov, ncab lossis ua kom zoo rau txhua yam tsis muaj tawg lossis puas.
Bronze: Bronze alloys muaj ntau yam khoom nyob ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw. Feem ntau, Nws yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj tooj liab, thiab nws kuj yog ruaj. Bronze tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim flexed zoo li tooj liab.
Kev siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab
Copper: tooj liab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv ntau qhov chaw; Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vov tsev thiab cov kav dej vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kav ntev. Nws kuj yog siv los tsim npib, alloys, tshuab qhov chaw thiab hauv architecture. Tsuas yog ib qho me me yog siv los tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Bronze: Bronze yog siv dav hauv ntau lub nkoj thiab lub nkoj thiab lub zog; vim hais tias, bronze tuaj yeem tiv taus dej, thiab nws tiv taus seawater corrosion. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv los tsim khoom plig thiab suab paj nruag.
Image Courtesy: “NatCopper” by Native_Copper_Macro_Digon3.jpg: “Jonathan Zander (Digon3)”derivative work: Materialscientist (talk) – Native_Copper_Macro_Digon3.jpg. (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Commons "Hedwigsmedaille.bronze.1" los ntawm Bautsch - Tus kheej ua haujlwm. (CC0) ntawm Wikimedia Commons
