Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Aliphatic vs Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Cia peb ua ntej luv luv saib seb cov hydrocarbons tham txog qhov txawv ntawm aliphatic thiab aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj Carbon thiab Hydrogen atoms hauv lawv cov qauv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aliphatic thiab aromatic hydrocarbons yog, aliphatic hydrocarbons tsis muaj ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib cog lus thaum muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj cov kab ke sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si ntawm cov molecules yog suav tias yog cov organic tebchaw.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons yog dab tsi?
Aliphatic hydrocarbons yog cov organic molecules uas muaj Carbon (C) thiab Hydrogen (H) atoms hauv lawv cov qauv; nyob rau hauv ncaj chains, branched chains los yog non-aromatic rings. Aliphatic hydrocarbons tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg loj; alkanes, alkenes thiab alkynes.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons yog dab tsi?
Aromatic hydrocarbons qee zaum hu ua "arenes" lossis "aryl hydrocarbons". Feem ntau cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj lub nplhaib benzene hauv lawv cov qauv; tab sis muaj cov uas tsis yog-benzene aromatic hydrocarbons hu ua heteroarenes, uas ua raws li "Huckle txoj cai" (Cyclic rings uas ua raws li Huckle txoj cai muaj 4n + 2 tus lej ntawm π-electrons; qhov twg n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Qee cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj ntau tshaj ib lub nplhaib; lawv hu ua polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib txwm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Hydrocarbons yog dab tsi?
qauv ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Lawv muaj cov saw ncaj, cov saw caj dab lossis cov nplhaib tsis muaj ntxhiab hauv lawv cov qauv. Cov pab pawg no muaj ob qho tib si saturated thiab unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes yog saturated hydrocarbons, alkenes thiab alkynes yog unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Ncaj Chains:
Octane
Branded Chains:
5-ethyl-3-methyloctane
2-methyl-3-pentence
Non-aromatic Rings:
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab hauv lawv cov qauv. Lawv yog tag nrho cov unsaturated hydrocarbons, tab sis kuj ruaj khov vim yog conjugated bond system.
Qeb ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb hauv aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes thiab alkynes. Lawv tseem hu ua allyl hydrocarbons.
Alkanes: Hauv alkanes, Carbon thiab Hydrogen atoms tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus. Lawv tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus. Alkanes tsim cov qauv nplhaib, lawv hu ua cycloalkanes.
Alkenes: Cov pab pawg no muaj ob qho tib si thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Carbon atoms. Hydrogen thiab Carbon atoms ib txwm tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Alkynes: Alkynes muaj triple bonds ntawm Carbon atoms ntxiv rau ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Feem ntau ntawm cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub nplhaib benzene hauv lawv cov qauv. Tab sis muaj ob peb yam uas tsis yog-benzene aromatic hydrocarbons, lawv hu ua "heteroarenes". Aromatic hydrocarbons hu ua "aryl" hydrocarbons.
Biphenyl (Ib qho muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon nrog ob lub nplhaib benzene)
Kev sib cog lus ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Nyob rau hauv aliphatic hydrocarbons; ib leeg, ob npaug los yog triple daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv molecule. Qee zaum, tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam qauv rau ib qho qauv molecular los ntawm kev hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm ntau daim ntawv cog lus. Cov molecules no muaj ib qho chaw nyob hauv electron.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Hauv cov tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbons, lawv muaj lwm txoj hauv kev sib koom ua ke los tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke kom delocalize qee cov electrons. (Delocalized electrons tuaj yeem txav ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov).
Reactions ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Saturated hydrocarbons tau txais kev hloov pauv; unsaturated hydrocarbons tau txais kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv. Tab sis, qee qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm yam tsis tau rhuav tshem ntau daim ntawv cog lus.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Aromatic hydrocarbons yog unsaturated, tab sis muaj ib tug ruaj khov conjugated electron system, thiaj li hais tias lawv muaj feem xyuam rau kev hloov pauv ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Image Courtesy: "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons" los ntawm Inductiveload - Tus kheej ua haujlwm los ntawm uploader, Accelrys DS Visualizer. (Public Domain) via Commons
