Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm aromatic thiab aliphatic yog tias aliphatic tebchaw muaj cov qauv ncaj, ceg lossis voj voog thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj cov qauv cyclic.
Organic molecules yog cov molecules uas muaj carbons. Lawv yog cov molecules ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Organic chemists faib tag nrho cov organic tebchaw rau hauv ob pawg ua aliphatic thiab aromatic compounds. Qhov kev sib cais no yog nyob ntawm txoj kev cov pa roj carbon atom tau teeb tsa hauv cov molecule.
Aromatic yog dab tsi?
Kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj tsw qab pib nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm hydrocarbon tshiab los ntawm Michael faraday hauv 1825. Cov tshuaj hydrocarbon tshiab no tau hu ua "bicarburet ntawm hydrogen". Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog qhov sib xyaw no tau pom tias nws muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv dua li lwm cov organic tebchaw. Cov mis mos molecular ntawm benzene yog C6H6, thiab nws xav tsis thoob vim nws muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms thiab hydrogen atoms. Feem ntau ntawm qhov pib txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tsw qab yog cov resins thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb, uas muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab. Qhov no muab lawv lub npe "sarmatic."
Kekule yog thawj tus paub txog cov tshuaj tsw qab no. Nws kuj tau tshaj tawm cov qauv ntawm benzene, uas thaum kawg tau los ua niam txiv ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tsw qab. Txawm hais tias cov mis qhia tau hais tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv benzene, nws cov kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tsis sib xws. Feem ntau, unsaturated compounds zoo li alkene decolorize bromine; Hloov cov xim ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate los ntawm kev oxidized, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, benzene tsis qhia ib qho ntawm cov no. Yog li ntawd lawv qhia txawv relativities tshaj unsaturated aliphatic tebchaw.
Aromatic Compounds
Y Los ntawm kev hais tias ib qho tshuaj tsw qab, peb txhais tau hais tias nws π electrons yog delocalized hla tag nrho lub nplhaib thiab tias nws ruaj khov los ntawm π electron delocalization. Thaum lub npe hu ua monosubstituted benzene, peb tuaj yeem siv ob txoj hauv kev. Hauv qee lub tebchaw, peb siv benzene los ua niam txiv lub npe thiab peb tuaj yeem qhia qhov hloov pauv los ntawm lub npe ua ntej (piv txwv li: bromobenzene). Hauv lwm cov tebchaw, lub compound siv lub npe tshiab (ex: toluene).
Daim duab 01: Ib qho Aromatic Compound uas qhia cov huab cua delocalized nyob rau hauv kab dotted
Ntxiv rau qhov yooj yim benzene thiab benzene derivatives, muaj lwm cov tshuaj tsw qab. Polycyclic benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Cov chav kawm no muaj cov molecules nrog ob lossis ntau dua fused benzene rings (piv txwv li: naphthalene). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds xws li azulene thiab cyclopentadienyl anion. Lwm yam tshaj li cov nplhaib uas tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms xwb, muaj qee cov tshuaj tsw qab uas yog heterocyclic. Pyridine, furan, thiab pyrrole yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm heterocyclic aromatic compounds.
Aliphatic yog dab tsi?
Aliphatic compounds hauv cov organic chemistry yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj ntxhiab. Lawv yog cyclic los yog acyclic. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes thiab lawv cov derivatives yog cov aliphatic compounds loj.
Daim duab 02: Ib qho yooj yim Aliphatic Compound
Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv tsim los yog cov kab sib txuas thiab yog cov saturated (alkanes) los yog unsaturated (alkenes thiab alkynes), uas txhais tau tias lawv yuav muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms (unsaturated) lossis tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus txhua (saturated).
Qhov txawv ntawm Aromatic thiab Aliphatic yog dab tsi?
Aromatic tebchaw yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj lub nplhaib tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov atoms, uas yog stabilized los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ua lub nplhaib thaum aliphatic tebchaw yog cov organic tebchaw uas cov pa roj carbon atoms txuas nrog ib leeg hauv cov saw hlau qhib, ncaj lossis branched, es tsis muaj ib lub nplhaib benzene. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab aliphatic yog cov aliphatic tebchaw muaj cov qauv ncaj, ceg los yog cyclic thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj cov qauv cyclic. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag, tab sis feem ntau aliphatic tebchaw tsis muaj ntxhiab.
Summary – Aromatic vs Aliphatic
Ob qho tshuaj tsw qab thiab aliphatic yog cov organic tebchaw. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab aliphatic yog cov aliphatic tebchaw muaj cov qauv ncaj nraim, ceg ntoo lossis cov voj voog thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj cov qauv cyclic.
