Aliphatic vs Aromatic Amines
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm aliphatic thiab aromatic amines yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub tebchaw. Aliphatic amines yog cov amine tebchaw nyob rau hauv uas Nitrogen yog bonded rau cov alkyl pawg xwb, thiab aromatic amines yog cov amine tebchaw nyob rau hauv uas Nitrogen yog bonded rau tsawg kawg yog ib tug ntawm cov aryl pawg. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv no ua rau txhua qhov sib txawv hauv lawv cov khoom xws li reactivity, acidity, thiab stability.
Aliphatic Amines yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv aliphatic amines, Nitrogen yog ncaj qha sib txuas rau tsuas yog pawg alkyl thiab Hydrogen atoms. Tus naj npawb ntawm alkyl pawg sib txawv ntawm ib mus rau peb. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg pawg alkyl txuas nrog, lawv hu ua "primary amines" (tsuas yog ib pawg alkyl -1o), "secondary amines"(ob pawg alkyl - 2 o), thiab "tertiary amines" (peb pawg alkyl - 3o).
Txhua aliphatic amines yog cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog xws li ammonia, tab sis lawv muaj zog me ntsis dua li ammonia. Lawv txhua tus muaj ze li ntawm tib lub zog ntawm Pkb=3-4. Qhov pib nce ntxiv thaum cov pab pawg hydrogen ntawm Nitrogen atom hloov los ntawm pawg alkyl. Tertiary amines yog qhov yooj yim tshaj li thawj thiab theem nrab amines.
Thaum Nitrogen yog ib qho ntawm cov atoms hauv lub nplhaib, lawv hu ua heterocyclic amines. Piperidine thiab Pyrollidine yog ob qho piv txwv rau aliphatic heterocyclic amines.
YPyrollidine
Aromatic Amines yog dab tsi?
Hauv cov tshuaj tsw qab, Nitrogen txuas ncaj qha rau tsawg kawg ib lub nplhaib benzene. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg pawg txuas nrog nitrogen atom, lawv tau muab faib ua "primary," "secondary" thiab "tertiary" amines. "Aryl amines" yog lwm lub npe rau aromatic amines. Zoo ib yam li aliphatic amines, thawj thiab theem nrab aromatic amines tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen intermolecular. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab amines yog siab dua cov tertiary amines.
Muaj heterocyclic aromatic amines; pyrrole thiab pyrydine yog ob qho piv txwv rau lawv.
Pyrydine
Qhov txawv ntawm Aliphatic thiab Aromatic Amines yog dab tsi?
qauv:
• Alkyl amines tsis muaj benzene rings uas txuas ncaj qha rau Nitrogen atom.
• Tab sis, hauv cov tshuaj tsw qab, muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub nplhaib benzene ncaj qha txuas rau Nitrogen atom.
• Aliphatic amines tuaj yeem muaj cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntev ntev npaum li Nitrogen txuas ncaj qha rau Carbon atom.
Basicity:
• Aliphatic amines yog cov hauv paus muaj zog dua li cov tshuaj tsw qab. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim vim qhov ruaj khov ntawm cation uas tsim tom qab ionization. Hauv lwm lo lus, alkyl ammonium ions ruaj khov dua li aryl ammonium ions. Vim hais tias, pawg alkyl yog cov pab pawg tso tawm hluav taws xob thiab yog li ib feem delocalize tus nqi zoo ntawm Nitrogen atom.
• Aliphatic heterocyclic amines kuj yog cov hauv paus muaj zog dua li muaj ntxhiab heterocyclic amines.
Examples
• Piv txwv rau aliphatic heterocyclic amines yog Piperidine thiab Pyrollidine.
• Piv txwv rau heterocyclic aromatic amines yog pyrrole thiab pyrydine.
