Radical vs Ion
Radicals thiab ions yog hom reactive. Ob leeg yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab atom los yog ib tug molecule uas ruaj khov dua ib tug ion los yog ib tug radical.
Radical
Radical yog ib hom (atom, molecule) nrog cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv muaj lub plhaub qhib kev teeb tsa, thiab vim li no, cov radicals tsis ruaj khov, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab. Yog li ntawd, lawv nyob luv luv. Thaum cov radicals sib tsoo nrog lwm hom, lawv zoo li hnov mob hauv txoj hauv kev uas ua rau kev sib txuas ntawm lawv cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Lawv tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ntawm kev tau txais ib qho atom los ntawm lwm lub molecule. Lub atom ntawd yuav muab lub radical ib tug electron ua ke nrog nws unpaired electron. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov no lwm qhov radical yog tsim (cov tsiaj uas pub lub atom rau yav dhau los radical yuav dhau los ua radical tam sim no). Lwm txoj kev uas radical tuaj yeem hnov mob yog los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus los tsim cov radical tshiab. Thaum covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog homolysed (ob lub electrons koom ua ke sib faib sib npaug rau ob lub atoms kom ib lub atom tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob nkaus xwb), cov radicals tsim. Lub zog yuav tsum tau muab los ua kom homolysis ntawm covalent bonds. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev, los ntawm cua sov los yog irradiating nrog lub teeb. Piv txwv li, peroxides tsim oxygen radicals thaum lawv raug cua sov. Nquag thaum tsim cov radicals, lawv tau txais cov saw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim ntau thiab ntau dua radical. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov radical tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb ntu raws li kev pib, nthuav tawm thiab txiav tawm. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv radical (kev txiav tawm), ob lub radicals yuav tsum tau koom ua ke los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus rov qab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv radical yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau txoj kev lag luam. Radicals yog siv los tsim cov yas lossis polymers xws li polythene. Lawv kuj tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem combustion uas cov roj tau hloov mus rau lub zog. Hauv kev ua neej nyob, radicals yeej ib txwm tsim los ua cov nruab nrab hauv cov metabolism. Txawm li cas los xij, radicals raug suav hais tias yog teeb meem hauv lub neej. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau kev laus, mob qog noj ntshav, atherosclerosis, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, ntawm cov tshuaj, radicals kuj tseem ceeb.
Ion
Ions yog them hom tsiaj uas muaj tus nqi zoo lossis tus nqi tsis zoo. Cov ions raug them zoo yog hu ua cations thiab cov ions tsis zoo yog hu ua anions. Thaum tsim ib qho cation, ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm lub atom muab tawm. Thaum tsim ib qho anion, ib qho hluav taws xob tau txais mus rau lub atom. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug ion muaj ib tug txawv tus naj npawb ntawm electrons tshaj cov protons. Ions tuaj yeem muaj -1 lossis +1 nqi, uas peb hu ua monovalent. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj divalent, trivalent, thiab lwm yam them ions. Txij li cov cations thiab anions muaj cov nqi sib txawv, lawv tau sib txuas nrog cov hluav taws xob electrostatic, tsim cov ionic bonds. Cations feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hlau atoms, thiab cov anions yog tsim los ntawm nonmetal atoms. Piv txwv li, Sodium yog ib pab pawg 1 hlau, yog li tsim ib qho +1 them cation. Chlorine yog nonmetal thiab muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug -1 nqi anion.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Radical thiab Ion?
• Ion yog ib hom tsiaj uas tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob ntxiv lossis pub ib qho hluav taws xob tawm. Radical yog hom uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.
• Ions muaj qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo. Radicals tuaj yeem muaj tus nqi zoo, tsis zoo lossis tsis muaj nqi.
