Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion yog tias cov dawb radicals muaj ib lossis ntau dua tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tab sis ions tau ua ke electrons.
Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ion thiab dawb radical. Ib qho ion tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li molecule lossis atom nrog tus nqi (zoo lossis tsis zoo) vim qhov poob lossis nce ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob. Ions tuav tus nqi tsis zoo vim qhov nce ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab tuav tus nqi zoo vim poob ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob. Ions yuav tshwm sim raws li ib leeg lossis ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus electrons tau txais lossis ploj. Dawb radicals yog molecules los yog atoms uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug unpaired electron. Kab lus no yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion, nrog rau lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Dab tsi yog dawb radical?
A Dawb radical yog ib qho atom lossis ib pawg ntawm cov atoms uas muaj ib lossis ntau dua electron tsis sib xws. Lawv yog cov reactive heev vim muaj ib tug unpaired electron. Dawb radicals tsis ruaj khov heev thiab sim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev lees txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xav tau. Lawv hnov mob nrog lwm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev ntes cov electron xav tau. Cov dawb radicals yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim. Peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov dawb radicals los ntawm tus lej sau rau sab xis. Piv txwv li, H, Cl, HO, H3C
Daim duab 01: Lub Hydroxyl Radical
Ntev-nyob dawb radicals yog nyob rau hauv peb pawg: ruaj khov radicals, pheej radicals, thiab di-radicals.
- Stable radicals: Cov piv txwv loj ntawm qhov ruaj khov radical yog molecular oxygen O2. Organic radicals uas muaj conjugated π system yuav nyob ntev.
- Tsis tu ncua radicals: Lawv nyob ntev vim muaj cov neeg coob coob nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw radical thiab ua rau lawv lub cev nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov molecule.
- Di-radicals: Qee cov molecules muaj ob lub chaw radical, peb npe lawv li di-radicals. Molecular oxygen lawm (atmospheric oxygen) tshwm sim raws li ib tug diradical.
Ion yog dab tsi?
Ions tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum hom tshuaj lom neeg nce lossis poob electrons hauv tshuaj lom neeg; lawv muaj qhov zoo (+) lossis tsis zoo (-) nqi. Cov neeg tau txais tus nqi tsis zoo los ntawm kev lees txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi zoo los ntawm kev pub cov hluav taws xob rau cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv. Txais lossis pub dawb electrons ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm ion; nws hloov cov molecular loj heev. Peb lub npe atom lossis ib pawg ntawm atoms tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo li "nruab nrab"; los ua ib tug nruab nrab atom los yog ib tug molecule, tus naj npawb ntawm protons yuav tsum tau tib yam li ib tug xov tooj ntawm electrons.
Daim duab 02: Cation thiab Anion tsim
Yog li ntawd muaj ob hom ions raws li hauv qab no.
- Cations lossis (+) ions - feem ntau cov hlau tuaj nyob rau hauv pawg no txij li cov hlau poob electrons los ua qhov zoo (+) raug them (Na+, Ba2 +, Ca2+, Al3+)
- Anions (-) ions - feem ntau nonmetals tuaj nyob rau hauv pawg no txij li thaum nonmetals nce electrons los ua tsis zoo (-) them (Cl–, S2- , O2-, Br–)
Qhov txawv ntawm Dawb Radical thiab Ion yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion yog tias cov dawb radicals muaj ib lossis ntau dua cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, tab sis ions tau ua ke electrons. Yog li ntawd, cov dawb radicals tsis ruaj khov heev thaum cov ions ruaj khov. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion. Txawm li cas los xij, radicals tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lawv tus kheej thaum feem ntau ntawm cov ions ua ke nrog cov ions oppositely them. Thaum txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv txog lawv qhov kev ruaj ntseg, cov dawb radicals tau ruaj khov los ntawm kev lees txais cov hluav taws xob, tab sis cov ions ruaj khov thaum lawv tsim cov complexes nrog cov khoom sib txawv.
Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion yog tias cov ions ib txwm tuav tus nqi, tab sis cov dawb radicals tsis raug them hom txawm tias lawv muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Qhov sib txawv no tshwm sim vim hais tias, nyob rau hauv ib tug ion, tag nrho cov electrons yeej ib txwm tsis sib npaug zos rau cov protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb radical, tus xov tooj ntawm electrons yog sib npaug zos rau cov protons.
Cov hauv qab no infographic muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dawb radical thiab ion.
Summary – Free Radical vs Ion
Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia ob nqe lus, dawb radicals thiab ions, siv cov xov tooj ntawm cov electrons uas yog ib hom. Ntawm no, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov dawb radicals thiab ions yog tias cov dawb radicals muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws tab sis, ions tau ua ke electrons. Yog li, cov dawb radicals yog ntau reactive. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ions ua chemically ruaj khov los ntawm kev tsim cov tebchaw nrog oppositely them ions / molecules.
