Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ionic thiab electrostatic yog tias kev sib cuam tshuam ionic piav qhia txog kev sib zog ntawm ob hom ionic. Lub caij no, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic piav qhia qhov kev nyiam ntawm ob hom tag nrho lossis ib nrab ionized nrog cov nqi sib txawv.
Ionic thiab electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txiav txim siab tsim cov molecules. Cov no kuj muaj lub npe hu ua non-covalent bonds. Covalent chemical bonds tsim los ntawm electron sib koom ntawm atoms. Tab sis, tsis yog-covalent daim ntawv cog lus vim yog kev nyiam ntawm cov tsiaj uas muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob sib txawv.
Ionic Interactions yog dab tsi?
Ionic kev sib cuam tshuam yog ionic daim ntawv cog lus uas ob hom ionic tiv thaiv electrostatically nyiam ib leeg. Nws yog ib hom kev cog lus uas tsis yog-covalent. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tag nrho (tsis yog ib feem them hom). Qhov no yog thawj hom tshuaj sib txuas uas tshwm sim hauv ionic compounds.
Ions yog atoms lossis pawg atoms uas tau txais lossis tshem tawm electrons; qhov no ua rau lawv cov kab hluav taws xob. Anions thiab cations yog ob hom ions. Anions tsim vim electron tau txais thaum cations yog tsim vim electron tshem tawm. Yog li, anions raug them tsis zoo vim muaj cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau thaum cations raug them zoo vim tsis muaj hluav taws xob los cuam tshuam cov nqi ntawm protons.
Ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic thaum cov hluav taws xob tshem tawm ntawm lub atom (los yog ib pawg ntawm atoms) thiaj li tsim tau ib qho cation yog tau los ntawm lwm lub atom (los yog pawg atoms), uas ua rau tsim ib qho anion. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab yooj yim tshaj plaws, daim ntawv cog lus ionic tsim thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau ntes cov hluav taws xob no los ua ib qho anion.
Daim duab 01: Tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus Ionic
Txawm li cas los xij, txhua daim ntawv cog lus ionic muaj qee qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov yam ntxwv vim tias tsis muaj atom tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob tag nrho. Yog li, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias lo lus ionic kev sib cuam tshuam yog hais txog lub sijhawm uas tus cwj pwm ionic ntau dua piv rau cov cim covalent.
Y Yuav luag txhua cov ionic compounds yog cov khoom sib txuas vim tias kev sib cuam tshuam ionic muaj zog txaus los tuav cov anions thiab cations khi ua ke kom nruj. Txawm li cas los xij, molten ionic compounds tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob vim nws muaj ions uas tuaj yeem nqa cov nqi. Ntxiv mus, lub zog siab ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ionic ua rau cov ionic compounds kom muaj cov ntsiab lus melting siab heev.
Dab tsi yog Electrostatic Interactions?
Electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam yog ib hom kev nyiam ua rog uas ua tiav lossis ib nrab ionic hom tau nyiam rau ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lo lus no suav nrog ob qho tib si txaus nyiam thiab kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov hom ionic, piv txwv li cov ions oppositely raug nyiam rau ib leeg thaum tib cov nqi tawm tsam ntawm ib leeg. Cov no kuj muaj npe hu ua non-covalent bonds vim hais tias lub zog attraction tsis suav nrog ib qho kev sib koom ntawm electron ntawm atoms. Muaj peb hom kev sib tshuam ntawm electrostatic: kev sib cuam tshuam ionic, hydrogen bonding thiab halogen bonding.
Daim duab 02: Hydrogen Bonding yog hom Electrostatic Interaction
Ionic kev sib cuam tshuam suav nrog lub zog nyiam ntawm cov tshuaj ionized kiag li muaj cov nqi sib txawv, e.g. anions nyiam cations. Cov kev sib cuam tshuam no ua rau tsim cov ionic compounds. Cov kev sib cuam tshuam cov rog no muaj zog heev; Yog li ntawd, ionic compounds muaj nyob rau hauv lub solid-state. Hydrogen bonding yog lwm hom kev sib tshuam electrostatic uas peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kev sib cuam tshuam dipole-dipole. Qhov kev nyiam no muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm hydrogen atom (uas yog ib feem zoo) thiab cov atom electronegative heev (uas yog ib feem tsis zoo). Ntxiv mus, halogen bonding kuj zoo li hydrogen bonding, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog qhov kev sib cuam tshuam uas tshwm sim ntawm ib qho halogen thiab electrophile.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ionic thiab Electrostatic Interactions yog dab tsi?
Ionic kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib cuam tshuam electrostatic yog cov tshuaj tsis sib xws. Cov no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev piav qhia txog kev tsim cov molecules sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ionic thiab electrostatic yog tias kev sib cuam tshuam ionic piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm ob hom ionic, thaum electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam piav qhia lub zog quab yuam ntawm ob hom tag nrho lossis ib nrab ionized nrog cov nqi sib txawv.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ionic thiab electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam.
Summary – Ionic vs Electrostatic Interactions
Ionic kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib cuam tshuam electrostatic yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev piav qhia txog kev tsim cov molecules sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ionic thiab electrostatic yog qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ionic piav qhia qhov kev sib tw ntawm ob hom ionic opposite, whereas electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam piav txog lub zog quab yuam ntawm ob hom tag nrho lossis ib nrab ionized nrog cov nqi sib txawv.
