Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi muab qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov mus rau cov khoom thaum tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua yog proportionality tas li.
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas txawv ntawm cov reactants. Hom kev hloov kho tshuaj no yog hu ua tshuaj lom neeg. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv uas tswj cov kev tshwm sim. Los ntawm kev kawm thermodynamics thiab kinetics, peb tuaj yeem kos ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab peb tuaj yeem tswj lawv li cas. Thermodynamics yog kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog. Nws tsuas yog txhawj xeeb nrog lub zog thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog qhov nrawm npaum li cas mus txog. Lo lus nug no yog lub ntsiab ntawm kinetics.
Tus nqi teb yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawm, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam qeeb heev, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog peb saib nws ntev heev. Piv txwv li, pob zeb huab cua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov ua rau qeeb qeeb uas tshwm sim ntau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib daim ntawm cov poov tshuaj thiab dej yog ceev heev thiab ua rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub; qhov no suav hais tias yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav.
Xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no uas cov tshuaj reactants A thiab B mus rau cov khoom C thiab D.
a A + b B → c C + d D
Tus nqi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab los ntawm ob qho tib si los yog cov khoom lag luam.
Rate=-(1/a) d[A]/dt=-(1/b) d[B]/dt=-(1/c) d[C]/dt=-(1/ d) d[D]/dt
a, b, c thiab d yog stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom. Rau cov reactants, tus nqi sib npaug yog sau nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe vim hais tias cov khoom yog depleting raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, lawv tau muab cov cim zoo.
Daim duab 01: Tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv nce ntxiv nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias
Tshuaj kinetics yog kev kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov yam tseem ceeb no muaj xws li cov concentration ntawm cov reactants, catalysts, kub, hnyav los, pH, tej zaum cov khoom concentrations, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam tseem ceeb no yuav optimized kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws los yog kho tau los tswj cov kev xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi?
Yog tias peb sau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm reactant A hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, nws yog raws li hauv qab no.
R=-K [A]a [B]b
Hauv qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, k yog tus nqi tas li. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua tus nqi tsis tu ncua thaum lub concentration ntawm txhua reactant yog kev sib sau; i.e. ib mole/dm3. Nws yog proportionality tas li uas nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tus nqi thiab tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sim.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua?
Tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv muab qhov qhia txog qhov nrawm uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov mus rau cov khoom thaum tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua yog proportionality tas li. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tus nqi tsis tu ncua yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi. Tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem muab nqe lus siv tau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev.
Summary – Reaction Rate vs Specific Rate Constant
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi muab qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov mus rau cov khoom thaum tus nqi tshwj xeeb tsis tu ncua yog proportionality tas li.
Image Courtesy:
1. "Kev Ruaj Ntseg Nce Nrog Kev Kub Kub" Los ntawm Brazosport College - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
