Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim tawm tawm tsam ib qho antigen uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog thawj zaug tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob loj heev ntawm txawv teb chaws antigens siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob phem. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv no, lub cev muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu raws li kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi?
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, raws li lub npe qhia, tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau qee pawg ntawm cov kab mob. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv no ua tawm tsam txhua tus thiab txhua tus invader ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev uas tsuas yog ib feeb ntawm tus kab mob nkag mus rau thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv no.
Daim tawv nqaij yog thawj qhov thaiv thiab thawj txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb. Daim tawv nqaij yog ib tug multilayered qauv uas muaj cov cell tuag nyob rau sab nrauv thiab nyob cell nyob rau hauv cov txheej sib sib zog nqus. Yog li, ntau yam kab mob pom tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub cev tiv thaiv no. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tsim los ntawm kev faib cell ntawm cov txheej txheem sib sib zog nqus basal. Raws li cov cell mus txog sab nrauv, lawv poob lawv qhov tseem ceeb thiab thaum kawg tshem tawm lawv tus kheej thiab los. Qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws sab nraud ntawm cov hlwb no tawm tsam kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob nkag mus. Daim tawv nqaij muaj ntau yam qog. Cov qog sebaceous secrete sebum uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, hws ntxuav cov kab mob tawm vim tias cov ntsev ntau ntawm cov hws dries microorganisms tawm.
Daim duab 01: Kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb - tawv nqaij
kua muag thiab qaub ncaug yog cov zais zis uas ntxuav lub pob kws thiab qhov ncauj tsis tu ncua. Ntau qhov chaw epithelial hauv lub cev muaj cilia. Cov cilia no tau nrawm nrawm kom thauj khoom tawm ntawm lub cev (ua pa epithelium). Cov qaub ncaug muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vim lysozymes. Qee qhov epithelia tsim cov hnoos qeev uas tseem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias thiab thaum cov kab mob microorganisms nkag mus rau cov kab ke tiv thaiv no lawv ntsib cov lymphocytes, macrophages uas phagocytose txawv teb chaws tsis yog tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshwj Xeeb yog dab tsi?
Thaum cov khoom txawv teb chaws yog phagocytozed los ntawm macrophage, cov qe ntshav dawb, los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nws tau ua tiav hauv lub cell. Muaj antigen binding receptors hu ua loj histocompatibility complexes (MHC hom 1 thiab 2). MHC 1 crosslinks nrog CD8 hom lymphocytes thaum MHC 2 crosslinks nrog CD4 hom lymphocytes. Muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ob lub hlwb T thiab B. CD4 T Lymphocytes tau qhib los ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov receptor no, thiab lawv tsim cov cytokines uas txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm cov lymphocytes uas tau xaiv, tsim cov lymphocytes tshiab nrog xaiv hom receptor, thiab ua kom B hlwb los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws phagocytozed yav dhau los.
Daim duab 02: Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
CD8 T lymphocytes tau qhib los ntawm receptor cross linkage thiab tsim cov tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob txawv teb chaws. Yuav kom paub meej, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb tshwm sim hauv ob lub sijhawm sib cais. Thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thawj zaug cov lus teb tau qeeb me ntsis kom txog rau thaum tag nrho cov txheej txheem hais saum toj no tshwm sim rau qhov uas ib qho txiaj ntsig pom tau. Qhov no yog hu ua thawj cov lus teb. Lub immunoglobulin tsim yog IgM. Cov lus teb thawj zaug yog qhov loj me dua li cov lus teb thib ob. Tom qab thawj cov lus teb, qee lub hlwb T thiab B loj tuaj rau hauv lub cim xeeb. Cov hlwb no ua haujlwm luv luv; thaum cov antigen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev zaum ob, tag nrho cov thawj kauj ruam yog bypassed. Cov lus teb thib ob no loj dua thiab nrawm dua. Lub ntsiab immunoglobulin yog IgG.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb?
- Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb yog ob hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Ob leeg ua tawm tsam txawv teb chaws antigens.
- Ob lub cev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshwj Xeeb thiab Tsis Muaj Kev Tiv Thaiv yog dab tsi?
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv muaj txiaj ntsig tawm tsam txhua tus neeg tawm tsam thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog cov lus teb siab thiab tsom. Kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv yog kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov hlwb zoo li cov qe ntshav dawb thiab macrophages thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj xws li cov hlwb xws li lymphocytes, antigen nthuav tawm cov hlwb, thiab cov hlwb nco. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb tsis tsim lub cim xeeb tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Summary – Specific vs Nonspecific Immunity
Kev tiv thaiv yog categorized ua ob hom; Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb lossis tsis tshwj xeeb. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv ib qho antigen. Kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv txhua hom antigens yam tsis tau xaiv ib hom tshwj xeeb. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tshwm sim ntawm lymphocytes; T hlwb thiab B hlwb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim ntau yam xws li mob, ua npaws, tawv nqaij, mucous membrane, phagocytic cov qe ntshav dawb, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb.
Image Courtesy:
1. "Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg" Los ntawm Madhero88 - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
2. "Antibodies" Los ntawm AaronMatthewWhite - Tus kheej ua haujlwm (CC BY-SA 3.0) ntawm Commons Wikimedia
