Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog tias kev siv hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm valence electrons, qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog txo qis hauv cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov huab hluav taws xob uas tsim tawm. vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib zog nqus ntawm cov electrons hauv lub atom.
Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Cov nyhuv shielding yog hais txog cov tub ntxhais electrons repelling cov electrons sab nraud, txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov nucleus ntawm sab nrauv electrons.
Tus nqi Nuclear siv tau li cas?
Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li qhov tseeb ntawm tus nqi zoo uas tau ntsib los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv ntau lub atom. Peb siv lo lus "zoo" vim hais tias cov nyhuv tiv thaiv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab los ntawm kev ua kom tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub nucleus. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm cov nyhuv repelling ntawm lub puab txheej.
Ntxiv mus, cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas tau ntsib los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj npe hu ua tus nqi tseem ceeb. Peb feem ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm tus nqi nuclear siv tus lej oxidation ntawm lub atom. Feem ntau ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem piav qhia nyob ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 01: Siv tau Nuclear Charge
Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm ionization muaj peev xwm yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub atom, tus nqi hluav taws xob, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov nyhuv ntawm lub plhaub sab hauv, thiab qhov twg cov hluav taws xob sab nraud nkag mus rau hauv tus nqi uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. sab hauv electron.
Tus naj npawb atomic zoo lossis Zeff yog lwm lo lus cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. Qhov no qee zaum hu ua tus nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam. Nws yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons uas ib qho hluav taws xob pom vim qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam los ntawm sab hauv-plhaub electrons. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia nws raws li kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo hauv lub atom.
Feem ntau, ib qho hluav taws xob hauv ib lub atom uas tsuas muaj cov hluav taws xob muaj kev paub tag nrho ntawm cov nucleus zoo, thiab peb tuaj yeem suav cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo siv Coulomb txoj cai.
Shielding Effect yog dab tsi?
Shielding effect yog qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib zog ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus hauv atom, uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no yog atomic shielding thiab electron shielding. Nws piav qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm electrons thiab atomic nuclei hauv atoms uas muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam electron-field.
Raws li qhov kev xav tiv thaiv no, qhov dav ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob nyob hauv qhov chaw, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm hluav taws xob attraction ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus.
Thaum xav txog lub zog ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob, qhov dav ntawm lub plhaub hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab cov nucleus vim qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam. Peb tuaj yeem xaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob s, p, d thiab f raws li cov txiaj ntsig no raws li S(s) > S(p) > S(d) > S(f).
Qhov txawv ntawm Kev Siv Nuclear Charge thiab Shielding Effect yog dab tsi?
Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov nqi zoo uas tau ntsib los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov nyhuv shielding yog qhov txo qis ntawm lub zog attraction ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus nyob rau hauv ib qho atom, uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog tias cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua rau valence electrons, qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov huab hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv hauv lub zog attraction ntawm lub electrons nyob rau hauv lub atom.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov nyhuv hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Muaj txiaj ntsig Nuclear Charge vs Shielding Effect
Kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov nyhuv yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv chemistry hais txog cov khoom ntawm lub atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog tias Kev siv hluav taws xob zoo tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov nqi zoo uas tau ntsib los ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob hauv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum tiv thaiv cov nyhuv yog qhov txo qis ntawm lub zog ntawm electrons thiab atomic nucleus. nyob rau hauv ib qho atom, uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo.
