Y Plasticity vs elasticity
Elasticity thiab plasticity yog ob lub ntsiab lus sib tham hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam. Plasticity yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv los yog ib qho system uas tso cai rau nws deform irreversibly. Elasticity yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm lub cev lossis cov khoom siv uas tso cai rau nws deform reversibly. Ob leeg plasticity thiab elasticity ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xws li cov khoom siv science, engineering, kev lag luam, kev ua lej thiab lwm yam kev lag luam uas muaj kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv tshuab. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi plasticity thiab elasticity yog, lawv cov ntawv thov, cov ntsiab lus ntawm plasticity thiab elasticity, qhov zoo sib xws thiab thaum kawg qhov txawv ntawm plasticity thiab elasticity.
YElasticity
Elasticity yog lub tswv yim ncaj qha txuas nrog cov khoom deformation. Thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab sab nrauv siv rau lub cev, lub cev nyhav rub nws tus kheej sib nrug. Qhov no ua rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub lattice nce. Txhua lub atom sim rub nws cov neeg nyob ze kom ze li sai tau. Qhov no ua rau lub zog sim tiv thaiv qhov deformation. Lub zog no hu ua strain. Yog hais tias ib daim duab ntawm kev nyuaj siab piv rau cov hom phiaj yog npaj, cov phiaj xwm yuav yog ib qho linear rau qee qhov qis dua ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no linear cheeb tsam yog thaj tsam uas cov khoom yog deformed elastically. Elastic deformation yog ib txwm thim rov qab. Nws suav nrog Hooke txoj cai. Lub Hooke txoj cai hais tias rau qhov elastic ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv kev ntxhov siab yog sib npaug rau cov khoom ntawm Young's modulus thiab strain ntawm cov khoom. Lub elastic deformation ntawm ib tug khoom yog ib tug reversible txheej txheem, thaum lub thov kev nyuaj siab raug tshem tawm cov khoom rov qab mus rau nws thawj lub xeev. Elasticity kuj tau tham txog kev ua lej ua qauv los qhia txog cov ciam teb hloov pauv tau.
YPlasticity
Y Plasticity yog ib lub tswv yim uas txuas nrog cov yas deformation. Thaum cov phiaj xwm kev ntxhov siab tiv thaiv kab mob yog linear, lub kaw lus tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xeev elastic. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab siab, zaj dab neeg hla me me dhia ntawm axes. Qhov kev txwv no yog thaum nws dhau los ua cov yas deformation. Qhov kev txwv no yog hu ua lub zog tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv. Yas deformation tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog zawv zawg ntawm ob txheej ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem zawv zawg no tsis thim rov qab. Cov yas deformation qee zaum hu ua irreversible deformation, tab sis ua tau ib co hom ntawm yas deformation yog reversible. Tom qab qhov kev tawm dag zog lub zog dhia, qhov kev ntxhov siab piv rau cov kab lus sib txawv ua ib qho nkhaus nrog lub ncov. Lub ncov ntawm qhov nkhaus no yog hu ua lub zog kawg. Tom qab lub zog kawg, cov khoom pib "caj dab" ua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntom ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov no ua rau thaj chaw tsawg heev hauv cov khoom ua rau nws yooj yim tawg. Yas deformation yog siv rau hauv cov hlau hardening kom ntim cov atoms kom huv si.
Qhov txawv ntawm Plasticity thiab Elasticity yog dab tsi?
• Plasticity yog cov cuab yeej uas ua rau lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom lossis lub cev. Xws li deformations tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog thiab cuam tshuam.
• Elasticity yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom lossis cov tshuab uas tso cai rau lawv deform reversibly. Elastic deformations tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev quab yuam thiab cuam tshuam.
• Ib yam khoom yuav tsum dhau theem elastic deformation thiaj li yuav nkag mus rau theem yas deformation.
