Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polyester thiab nylon yog nylon yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws thaum polyesters tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws.
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub qauv tsim rov ua dua. Cov units rov ua dua yog hu ua monomers. Cov monomers no tau sib koom ua ke nrog covalent bonds los tsim ib lub polymer. Lawv muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab muaj ntau dua 10,000 atoms. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem synthesis, uas yog hu ua polymerization, ntev polymer chains tau txais.
Polymers muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua li lawv cov monomers. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav nyob hauv cov polymer, nws cov khoom sib txawv. Muaj ntau cov polymers tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Synthetic polymers kuj tau siv dav rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, nylon, thiab Bakelite yog ib co hluavtaws polymers. Thaum tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas kom tau txais cov khoom xav tau.
Polyester yog dab tsi
Polyesters yog cov polymers nrog ester ua haujlwm pab pawg. Txij li thaum muaj ntau esters, nws yog hu ua polyester. Muaj cov polyesters ntuj thiab hluavtaws polyesters. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau ntau hom polyesters, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb. Lawv yog aliphatic, semi-aromatic thiab aromatic polyesters. Poly-lactic acid thiab poly-glycolide acid yog cov piv txwv rau aliphatic polyesters. Polyethylene terephthalate thiab polybutylene terephthalate yog semi aromatic polyesters, whereas vectran yog ib qho aromatic polyester.
Synthesis ntawm polyester yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polycondensation. Lub diol nrog diacid reacts los tsim ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm ester thiab qhov polymerization txuas ntxiv mus txog rau qhov xav tau polyester yog synthesized. Polyesters tau dav tsim thiab muaj kev lag luam loj tom qab polyethylene thiab polypropylene. Polyesters yog cov thermoplastics, yog li cov cua sov tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem ua thermoset, thiab. Thaum raug kub hnyiab, lawv tuaj yeem hlawv.
Polyester yog siv los tsim cov ntaub. Cov ntaub no yog siv los ua cov khaub ncaws xws li ris, tsho thiab tsho. Ntxiv mus, lawv tau siv los ua cov khoom vaj khoom tsev xws li cov ntaub pua tsev, cov pam vov, thiab lwm yam. Polyester fibers kuj siv los ua lub raj mis, lim, insulating tapes, thiab lwm yam. Natural polyesters yog biodegradable, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv dua. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej zoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas tso cai rau lawv siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj raws li tau hais los saum no. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm polyester yog nws cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg.
Nylon yog dab tsi?
Nylon yog cov polymer nrog amide ua haujlwm pab pawg. Lawv yog cov chav kawm ntawm hluavtaws polymers. Nylon yog thawj cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv polymers. Nylon yog cov thermoplastic thiab yog cov khoom siv silky. Thaum synthesizing ib tug polyamide zoo li nylon, ib tug molecule nrog carboxylic pawg yog reacted nrog ib tug molecule muaj amine pawg ntawm ob qho tib si kawg. Nylon tau tsim los hloov cov lo lo ntxhuav los ua cov ntaub thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polyester thiab Nylon yog dab tsi?
Nyob hauv polyesters, ester functional pab pawg yog tam sim no whereas, nyob rau hauv nylon, amide functional pab pawg neeg yog tam sim no. Nylon yog ib qho hluavtaws polymer thaum polyesters tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws. Ntxiv mus, polyesters tuaj yeem yog cov thermoplastic lossis thermoset, tab sis nylon yog thermoplastic. Nylon fabrics muaj kev xav ntau dua li polyesters.
Summary – Polyester vs Nylon
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polyester thiab nylon yog cov nylon yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws thaum polyesters tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws. Ntxiv mus, polyesters tuaj yeem yog cov thermoplastic lossis cov thermoset, tab sis nylon yog thermoplastic.
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1. “930185” (CC0) via Pixabay
