Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub nyuaj thiab cov kua qaub yog cov kua qaub nyuaj yog cov cations ntawm cov hlau electropositive, thiab lawv kuj tsis muaj polarizable nrog tus nqi siab dua-rau-lub vojvoog piv, whereas cov kua qaub yog cov cations ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj electropositive nrog ib tus nqi siab dua. qis tus nqi-rau-lub vojvoog piv thiab muaj ntau polarizable.
Feem ntau, qhov kev ruaj ntseg thermodynamic ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm feem ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm ligand thiab cov hlau ion thiab ntawm hom kev sib txuas. Muaj ob hom Lewis acids ua cov kua qaub nyuaj thiab cov kua qaub.
Hab Acid yog dab tsi?
Hard acids yog cations ntawm electropositive hlau, thiab lawv kuj yog nonpolarizable nrog ib tug ntau dua nqi-rau-radius piv. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov kua qaub nyuaj yog Lewis acids uas tsuas yog tsis muaj zog polarizable. Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov acids nyuaj muaj xws li H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, Al3+, thiab Ti4+. Feem ntau, cov acids nyuaj tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus nyuaj kom tsim cov ntawv cog lus muaj zog nrog lawv.
Hard acids nyiam khi nrog cov hauv paus tawv. Hard acids thiab hard bases feem ntau yog electrostatic nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Yog li ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov complexes uas muaj cov acids nyuaj thiab cov hauv paus nyuaj nce thaum cov nqi zoo ntawm cov hlau nce thiab thaum lub vojvoog txo.
Dab tsi yog Soft Acid?
Cov kua qaub yog cov cations ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob uas qis dua tus nqi-rau-lub vojvoog thiab muaj ntau dua polarizable. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov kua qaub yog ib txwm loj ions uas muaj polarizable. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kua qaub muaj xws li BF3, Al2Cl6, CO2, SO3, Cu+, Ag+, Pd2+, Pt2+, thiab GaCl3. Soft acids teb sai nrog cov hauv paus mos los tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus mos tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog kev sib cuam tshuam loj heev. Feem ntau cov acids muag tau tag nrho los yog ze li ntawm d atomic subshells. Qhov no qhia tias kev sib txuas ntawm hlau-rau-ligand pi yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus mos tsim cov complexes uas ruaj khov dua li qhov kev kwv yees electrostatic sib cav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hard Acid thiab Mos Acid yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, qhov kev ruaj ntseg thermodynamic ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm feem ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm ligand thiab cov hlau ion thiab ntawm hom kev sib txuas. Muaj ob hom Lewis hauv paus: tawv bases thiab soft bases. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub yog cov kua qaub nyuaj yog cov cations ntawm cov hlau electropositive, thiab lawv kuj tsis muaj polarizable nrog ntau dua tus nqi-rau-radius piv, whereas soft acids yog cations ntawm tsawg electropositive hlau nrog tus nqi qis-rau- radius ratio thiab muaj ntau polarizable. Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov acids nyuaj muaj xws li H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, Al3+, thiab Ti4+, hos qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov acids mos muaj xws li BF3, Al2Cl6, CO2, SO3, Cu+, Ag+, Pd2+, Pt2+, thiab GaCl3.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub rau hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Hard Acid vs Soft Acid
Hard acids yog cations ntawm electropositive hlau, thiab lawv kuj yog nonpolarizable nrog ib tug ntau dua nqi-rau-radius piv. Cov kua qaub yog cov cations ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj electropositive nrog tus nqi qis-rau-lub vojvoog; lawv muaj ntau polarizable. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub.
