Subsonic vs Supersonic
Qhov nrawm ntawm huab cua ntws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua ntws. Cov huab cua ntws ntawm qhov qis qis tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov kua nplaum uas tsis muaj zog, zoo li dej. Thaum lub nrawm ntawm cov huab cua ntws nce, cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau cov compressibility hloov pauv tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv, nyob rau hauv lub zog aerodynamic nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev hauv qhov ntws.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txheeb ze, lub dav hlau tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub cev, uas nyob ruaj khov hauv huab cua, rau kev tsom xam. Qhov ceev ntawm lub dav hlau dhau los ua qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov huab cua ntws, feem ntau siv los ua airspeed. Ib lub dav hlau tsim los ya hauv qab lub suab nrov yog lub npe hu ua subsonic aircraft, thaum lub dav hlau tsim los ya sai tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub suab hu ua supersonic aircraft. Qhov ceev no feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm tus lej Mach (M) uas yog qhov piv ntawm huab cua ceev thiab lub suab nrawm. Yog tias lub dav hlau subsonic nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog tsawg dua 1 (M 1).
Ntau txog Subsonic Aircraft
Feem ntau ntawm cov dav hlau tsim tawm yog cov dav hlau subsonic, uas yog tsim los ya hauv qab Mach 0.8. Cov dav hlau me me muaj cov lej Mach qis dua, uas nyob ib puag ncig Mach 0.2. Cov dav hlau lag luam thiab cov dav hlau ua lag luam tuaj yeem ya ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws mus txog Mach 0.85.
Lub teeb yuag subsonic aircrafts siv lub tshuab piston ua lub tshuab fais fab, thaum lub dav hlau lag luam thiab cov dav hlau lag luam siv turboprop lossis siab bypass turbofan xyaw. Structurally loading ntawm lub airframe txawv ntawm lub dav hlau mus rau lub dav hlau. Cov tis feem ntau yog ncaj los yog nrog lub kaum sab xis qis. Lub dav hlau daim tawv nqaij yog ua nrog txhuas thiab airframe tej zaum yuav muaj txhuas thiab hlau. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw tshuab, fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog lub zog siab thiab qhov hnyav qis tau qhia.
Ntau txog Supersonic Aircraft
Supersonic tsoom fwv kuj muab faib ua supersonic (1<M<3), high supersonic (3<M5) chav.
Supersonic aircrafts feem ntau yog cov tub rog dav hlau, tsim los rau kev sib ntaus sib tua (ex. F-15E, Su 27, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon). Lawv siv tsawg bypass turbofan xyaw ua lub zog cog, thiab cov qauv tsim los tiv thaiv kev vibrations thiab loads tshwm sim ntawm lub supersonic speeds.
Lub airframe feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qib siab titanium thiab txhuas los tiv thaiv lub siab loading hauv maneuvers thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum sib ntaus sib tua. Lub airframe tau ua kom zoo dua aerodynamically kom txo qis cov teebmeem compressibility thiab luag cov teebmeem. Cov huab cua hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv vim muaj kev poob siab, kev nthuav dav, thiab ntws choking ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev los ntawm kev ya davhlau subsonic.
Supersonic Transport (SST) yog qhov paub, tab sis qhov kim, kev sib tw aviation. Tsuas yog ob hom kev thauj mus los ntawm supersonic tau tsim, thiab ob qho tib si tau tshaj tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm lub davhlau. Cov no yog Concorde thiab Tu-144, tsim raws li cov neeg caij dav hlau, tab sis kev ua haujlwm raug tso tseg vim yog cov nuj nqis siab.
High supersonic aircrafts feem ntau yog lub dav hlau recon, thiab cov dav hlau hypersonic yog cov dav hlau sim siab (nrog rau qhov tshwj tsis yog qhov chaw shuttle).
Qhov txawv ntawm Subsonic thiab Supersonic yog dab tsi?
• Subsonic aircrafts ya hauv qab lub suab nrawm thaum lub dav hlau supersonic ya nrawm dua lub suab nrawm.
• Supersonic aircrafts siv qis bypass turbofan xyaw raws li lub zog propulsion, thaum lub subsonic aircrafts siv cov kiv cua tsav piston xyaw, turboprop cav, los yog siab bypass turbofan xyaw.
• cov dav hlau supersonic siv tis tis lossis tis tis, thaum lub dav hlau subsonic siv tis ncaj los yog tis nrog lub kaum sab xis me dua.
• Supersonic aircrafts yog tsim los ntawm titanium, thaum subsonic aircrafts yog tsim nrog titanium, txhuas, thiab carbon fiber reinforced polymers los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
• Feem ntau cov dav hlau supersonic yog cov tub rog dav hlau siv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis kev tshawb nrhiav, thaum lub dav hlau subsonic siv rau kev thauj thiab mus ncig.
