YCarbonyl vs Carboxyl
Carbonyl thiab carboxyl yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry. Ob leeg muaj cov pa oxygen atom, uas yog ob npaug sib txuas rau carbon atom.
YCarbonyl
Carbonyl pawg yog ib pawg ua haujlwm nrog ob chav sib koom ua ke oxygen rau cov pa roj carbon. Aldehydes thiab ketones yog hu ua organic molecules nrog ib pawg carbonyl. Cov pab pawg carbonyl hauv ib qho aldehyde ib txwm tau txais tus naj npawb ib hauv lub npe vim nws nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov pab pawg carbonyl ntawm ketone ib txwm nyob hauv nruab nrab. Raws li hom carbonyl compound, nomenclature txawv."al" yog lub ntsiab lus siv rau lub npe aldehydes whereas "ib" yog lub ntsiab lus siv rau lub npe ketones. Cov pa roj carbon lossis carbons nyob ib sab ntawm carbonyl carbon yog α carbon / s, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb reactivity vim yog cov carbonyl nyob ib sab. Cov carbonyl carbon atom yog sp2 hybridized. Yog li aldehydes thiab ketones muaj qhov kev npaj trigonal nyob ib ncig ntawm carbonyl carbon atom. Cov pa roj carbonyl pawg yog ib pawg polar (electronegativity ntawm oxygen yog loj dua carbon, yog li ntawd, carbonyl pawg muaj ib tug loj dipole lub sij hawm); Yog li, aldehydes thiab ketones muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua piv rau cov hydrocarbons uas muaj qhov hnyav tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog hydrogen bonds zoo li cawv uas ua rau qis qis dua li cov cawv sib xws. Vim tias muaj peev xwm tsim tau hydrogen, qhov hnyav molecular aldehydes thiab ketones yog soluble hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov hnyav molecular nce, lawv ua hydrophobic. Cov carbonyl carbon atom yog ib feem zoo them, li no tuaj yeem ua raws li electrophile. Yog li ntawd, cov molecules no yooj yim raug rau nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov hydrogens txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon ib sab ntawm pawg carbonyl muaj acidic xwm, uas suav nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm aldehydes thiab ketones. Cov tshuaj uas muaj cov pa roj carbonyl pawg tau tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej. Cinnamaldehyde (hauv cinnamon bark), vanillin (hauv vanilla taum), camphor (camphor ntoo), thiab cortisone (adrenal hormone) yog qee qhov ntuj sib xyaw nrog pawg carbonyl.
YCarboxyl
Carboxyl pawg yog pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov no muaj nyob rau hauv carboxylic acids, li no tau txais lub npe. Hauv qhov no, cov pa roj carbon atom yog ob npaug rau cov pa oxygen atom thiab txuas nrog hydroxyl pawg nrog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Nws yog qhia raws li -COOH. Cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem tsim lwm daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib lub atom ntxiv rau cov pab pawg no. Yog li ntawd, carboxyl pawg tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm cov molecule loj. Carboxyl yog ib pawg acidic. Nws ua raws li cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab pH siab nws dissociates. Vim yog pawg -OH, lawv tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog hydrogen bonds nrog ib leeg thiab nrog dej. Yog li ntawd, molecules nrog cov carboxyl pawg muaj cov ntsiab lus kub kub. Thaum carboxyl pawg nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule raws li pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm, nws tau muab tus naj npawb ib hauv lub npe thiab lub npe xaus nrog "oic acid." Carboxyl functional pab pawg muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom, thiab. Amino acids muaj pawg carboxyl lossis qee zaum ntau dua ib pawg carboxyl.
Qhov txawv ntawm Carbonyl thiab Carboxyl yog dab tsi?
• Carbonyl pawg yog ib pawg ua haujlwm nrog ob chav sib koom ua ke oxygen rau cov pa roj carbon. Hauv carboxyl, muaj pawg carbonyl thiab pawg hydroxyl.
• Carboxyl pawg yog acidic whereas carbonyl pawg tsis yog.
• Carboxyl pawg tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen nrog lwm pab pawg carboxyl, tab sis carbonyl tsuas yog cov neeg txais nyiaj hydrogen xwb, vim tias nws tsis muaj hydrogen, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm hydrogen bonding.
